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The following is a list of contemporary ethnic
groups . There has been constant debate over
the classification of ethnic groups . Membership
of an ethnic group tends to be associated with
shared cultural heritage , ancestry , history ,
homeland , language or dialect ; where the term
" culture" specifically includes aspects such as
religion , mythology and ritual , cuisine , dressing
(clothing) style, and other factors.
By the nature of the concept, ethnic groups tend
to be divided into ethnic subgroups , which may
themselves be or not be identified as
independent ethnic groups depending on the
source consulted.
This is a dynamic list and may never be able
to satisfy particular standards for
completeness. You can help by expanding it
with reliably sourced entries.
Ethnic groups
See also: List of languages by number of
native speakers
The groups commonly identified as "ethnic
groups" (as opposed to ethno-linguistic phyla,
national groups, racial groups or similar).
Smaller groups (i.e. less than 100,000) are often
indigenous peoples and are not listed.
Name Native language
(primary language) Prima
Abkhazians Northwest Caucasian
→ Abazgi → Abkhaz Abkhaz
Acehnese Austronesian →
Chamic → Acehnese Aceh (I
Acoli
Nilo-Saharan →
Nilotic → Luo →
Acoli Acolila
South
Afemai Niger–Congo →
Edoid → Afenmai Edo St
Afar Afroasiatic →
Cushitic → Afar
Afaria (
Djibout
Afro-Americans Indo-European →
Germanic → English
Americ
( United
Afrikaners
Indo-European →
Germanic → Dutch →
Afrikaans
South
( Northe
Wester
Namibi
Afro-Brazilians
Indo-European →
Romance →
Portuguese
Brazil (
Souther
Afro-Dominicans Indo-European →
Romance → Spanish Domini
Afro-Haitians
Indo-European →
Romance → French
→ Haitian Creole
Haiti
Afro-Saint
Lucians
Indo-European →
Romance → French
→ Saint Lucian
Creole
Saint L
Afro-
Trinbagonians English Trinida
Tobag
Agaw
Afroasiatic →
Cushitic →
Agaw [note 3]
Horn o
( Ethiop
Eritrea )
Ahom Kra–Dai → Tai →
Ahom [note 5] Assam
Aimaq
Indo-European →
Iranian → Persian →
Aimaq
Afghani
Aja Niger–Congo → Kwa
→ Gbe → Adja Benin ,
Akan Niger–Congo → Kwa
→ Akan [note 6]
Gold C
( Ghana
Akha
Sino-Tibetan →
Loloish → Hani →
Akha
Yunnan
( China )
Akhdam
Afroasiatic → Semitic
→ Arabic → Taʽizzi-
Adeni Arabic
Yemen
Albanians Indo-European →
Albanian
Albania
North
Alur Nilo-Saharan →
Nilotic → Luo → Alur
West N
region
Ituri (D
Republi
Congo )
Ambonese
Austronesian →
Malayic → Malay →
Ambonese Malay
Ambon
( Indone
Ambundu Niger–Congo →
Bantu → Kimbundu Angola
Americo-
Liberians
Indo-European →
Germanic → English Liberia
Amhara
Afroasiatic → Semitic
→ Ethiopic →
Amharic
Amhari
Amis Austronesian →
Formosan → Amis
Taiwan
Hualien
Anaang
Niger–Congo →
Cross River → Ibibio-
Efik → Anaang
Akwa I
( Nigeri
Anglo-Indians Indo-European →
Germanic → English India [n
Antaifasy
Austronesian →
Bornean → Barito →
Malagasy
Farafan
( Mada
Antaisaka
Austronesian →
Bornean → Barito →
Tesaka
Farafan
( Mada
Antambahoaka
Austronesian →
Bornean → Barito →
Malagasy
Vatova
( Mada
Antankarana
Austronesian →
Bornean → Barito →
Antankarana
Diana (
Antanosy
Austronesian →
Bornean → Barito →
Tanosy
Anosy
Antemoro
Austronesian →
Bornean → Barito →
Malagasy
Vatova
( Mada
Anuak
Nilo-Saharan →
Nilotic → Luo →
Anuak
Anuaki
Boma (
Apache
Dené–Yeniseian →
Na-Dene →
Apachean[note 10]
Apache
States )
Arabs Afroasiatic → Semitic
→ Arabic
Arabia
Oman ,
Bahrain
Saudi
Arab
Emirat
Argobba
Afroasiatic → Semitic
→ Ethiopic →
Argobba[note 12]
Ethiopi
Harari ,
Oromia
Region
Armenians Indo-European →
Armenian
Greater
( Armen
of Arts
Turkey)
Aromanians
Indo-European →
Romance →
Aromanian
Balkan
Albania
Maced
Assyrians
Afroasiatic → Semitic
→ Neo-
Aramaic[note 14]
Assyria
Syria ,
Turkey)
Atoni Austronesian →
Timoric → Uab Meto
West T
( Indone
Oecuss
Timor )
Atyap Niger–Congo →
Plateau → Atyap
Kaduna
Sudan )
Austrians
Indo-European →
Germanic → German
→ Bavarian
Austria
Avars Northeast Caucasian
→ Avar Avarist
Awadhis
Indo-European →
Indo-Aryan →
Hindustani → Awadhi
Awadh
Aymara Aymaran → Aymara Bolivia ,
Azerbaijanis Turkic → Oghuz →
Azerbaijani
Azerbai
Azerbai
Bahnar Austroasiatic →
Bahnar
Central
( Vietna
Bai Sino-Tibetan → Bai
Dali Ba
Autono
Prefect
Balanta
Niger–Congo →
Atlantic →
Senegambian →
Balanta
Guinea
Senega
Gambi
Balinese Austronesian →
Balinese Bali (In
Balkars Turkic → Kipchak →
Balkar
Kabard
( Russia
Balochis Indo-European →
Iranian → Balochi
Balochi
( Pakist
Afghani
Balti Sino-Tibetan →
Tibetic → Balti
Gilgit-
( Pakist
Bamars Sino-Tibetan →
Burmese Myanm
Bambara
Niger–Congo →
Mande → Manding
→ Bambara
Mali
Bamileke
Niger–Congo →
Grassfields →
Bamileke [note 3]
Camer
and No
Region
Bamum
Niger–Congo →
Grassfields →
Bamum
West R
( Camer
Banda
Niger–Congo →
Ubangian →
Banda [note 3]
Central
Republi
Sudan ,
Republi
Congo
Banjarese
Austronesian →
Malayic → Malay →
Banjarese
South
( Indone
Bara
Austronesian →
Bornean → Barito →
Bara
Ibara (
Bari Nilo-Saharan →
Nilotic → Bari
Central
( South
Uganda
Bariba Niger–Congo → Gur
→ Bariba
Borgu (
Nigeria
Bassa Niger–Congo → Kru
→ Bassa Bassal
Bashkirs Turkic → Kipchak →
Bashkir
Bashko
( Russia
Basques Basque [note 16] Basque
( Spain ,
Batak
Austronesian →
Northwest Sumatran
→ Batak[note 3]
North
( Indone
Beja Afroasiatic →
Cushitic → Beja Sudan ,
Belarusians
Indo-European →
Slavic →
Belarusian[note 17] Belarus
Belizean Creoles
Indo-European →
Germanic → English
→ Belizean Creole
Belize
Bemba Niger–Congo →
Bantu → Bemba
Zambia
Luapul
Copper
Provinc
Provinc
( Demo
Republi
Congo )
Bembe Niger–Congo →
Bantu → Bembe Democ
of the
Tanzan
Bengalis Indo-European →
Indo-Aryan → Bengali
Bengal
India )
Berbers Afroasiatic →
Berber [note 3]
Maghre
Moroc
Libya )
Berom Niger–Congo →
Plateau → Berom
Plateau
( Nigeri
Berta Nilo-Saharan → Berta
Benish
Region
South
Betawis
Austronesian →
Malayic → Malay →
Betawian
Jakarta
Beti
Niger–Congo →
Bantu →
Beti[note 18] Camer
Betsimisaraka
Austronesian →
Bornean → Barito →
Betsimisaraka
Madag
Analanj
Atsinan
Bhils
Indo-European →
Indo-Aryan →
Bhil[note 3]
India (
Prades
Rajasth
Mahara
Bhojpuris
Indo-European →
Indo-Aryan → Bihari
→ Bhojpuri
Bhojpu
Nepal )
Bhumij
Austroasiatic →
Munda →
Bhumij[note 19]
India (
Odisha ,
Bicolanos
Austronesian →
Philippine →
Bikol[note 3]
Bicolan
( Philip
Bidayuh
Austronesian →
Bornean → Land
Dayak[note 3] Sarawa
Bilala
Nilo-Saharan →
Central Sudanic →
Naba
Lake Fi
Bishnupriya
Manipuris
Indo-European →
Indo-Aryan →
Bishnupriya Manipuri
Manipu
Bangla
Bissa Niger–Congo →
Mande → Bissa Burkina
Blaan Austronesian →
Philippine → Blaan
Soccsk
( Philip
Boa Niger–Congo →
Bantu → Boa
Bas-Ue
( Demo
Republi
Congo )
Bodo Sino-Tibetan → Sal
→ Bodo Bodola
Bosniaks
Indo-European →
Slavic → Serbo-
Croatian → Bosnian
Bosnia
Herzeg
Sandža
Monten
Bouyei Kra–Dai → Tai →
Bouyei Guizho
Bozo Niger–Congo →
Mande → Bozo Mali
Brahuis Dravidian → Brahui Balochi
( Pakist
Bretons
Indo-European →
Celtic →
Breton [note 20] Brittany
Bru Austroasiatic →
Katuic → Bru
Savann
Provinc
Vietna
Bình a
Provinc
Budu Niger–Congo →
Bantu → Budu
Wamb
( Demo
Republi
Congo )
Buduma Afroasiatic → Chadic
→ Yedina
Lake C
Nigeria
Buginese Austronesian → South
Sulawesi → Buginese
South
( Indone
Bulgarians Indo-European →
Slavic → Bulgarian Bulgari
Burusho Burushaski Gilgit-
( Pakist
Butonese
Austronesian →
Celebic →
Butonese [note 3] Buton (
Bwa Niger–Congo → Gur
→ Bwa [note 3] Burkina
Catalans Indo-European →
Romance → Catalan
Catalan
( Spain ,
Chamorro Austronesian →
Chamorro
Marian
( United
Chams Austronesian →
Chamic → Cham
Champ
Vietna
Chechens Northeast Caucasian
→ Nakh → Chechen Chechn
Cherokee Iroquoian →
Cherokee [note 21]
United
Carolin
Tennes
Chin Sino-Tibetan → Kuki-
Chin–Naga [note 23] Chin St
( Myan
Choctaw Muskogean →
Choctaw[note 21]
United
( Alaba
Missis
Louisia
Chokwe Niger–Congo →
Bantu → Chokwe
Angola ,
Republi
Congo ,
Chuanqing
Sino-Tibetan →
Chinese → Mandarin
Chinese
Guizho
Chutiya Sino-Tibetan → Sal
→ Deori [note 5] Assam
Chuukese
Austronesian →
Micronesian →
Chuukese
Chuuk
( Feder
Micron
Chuvash Turkic → Oghur →
Chuvash Chuvas
Circassians Northwest Caucasian
→ Circassian[note 3]
Circass
( Russia
Chakmas
Indo-European →
Indo-Aryan →
Chakma Chittag
Tracts
Chewa Niger–Congo →
Bantu → Chewa
Malawi
Zimba
Mozam
Coloureds
Indo-European →
Germanic → Dutch →
Afrikaans
South
( Northe
Wester
Namibi
Cornish
Indo-European →
Celtic →
Cornish[note 24] Cornwa
Kingdo
Corsicans
Indo-European →
Romance →
Corsican [note 20] Corsica
Cree Algic → Algonquian
→ Cree [note 25]
Canada
Saskat
Manito
Quebec
Newfo
Labrad
Croats
Indo-European →
Slavic → Serbo-
Croatian → Croatian
Croatia
of Bos
Herzeg
and He
Cuyunon
Austronesian →
Philippine → Visayan
→ Cuyonon
Cuyo A
( Philip
Czechs Indo-European →
Slavic → Czech Czech
Dagaaba Niger–Congo → Gur
→ Dagaare Ghana ,
Dagombas Niger–Congo → Gur
→ Dagbani
Kingdo
( Ghana
Damara Khoe → Khoekhoe Damar
( Namib
Danes
Indo-European →
Germanic → Nordic
→ Danish
Denma
Dargins Northeast Caucasian
→ Dargwa Dagest
Dinka Nilo-Saharan →
Nilotic → Dinka South
Dogon Niger–Congo →
Dogon [note 3] Bandia
Escarp
Dogra Indo-European →
Indo-Aryan → Dogri
Jammu
( India)
Dongxiangs Mongolic → Santa Hezhou
Dubla
Indo-European →
Indo-Aryan → Bhil →
Dubli[note 27] Gujarat
Dutch Indo-European →
Germanic → Dutch Netherl
Dyula
Niger–Congo →
Mande → Manding
→ Dyula
Burkina
Coast ,
Ebira Niger–Congo →
Nupoid → Ebira Kogi St
Edo Niger–Congo →
Edoid → Edo Edo St
Efik
Niger–Congo →
Cross River → Ibibio-
Efik → Efik
Cross
( Nigeri
Egyptians Afroasiatic →
Coptic [note 28] Egypt
Ekoi Niger–Congo → Ekoi Nigeria
Emberá Choco → Embera
Chocó
( Colom
( Darién
English Indo-European →
Germanic → English
Englan
Kingdo
Esan Niger–Congo →
Edoid → Esan Esanla
Estonians Uralic → Finnic →
Estonian Estonia
Ewe Niger–Congo → Kwa
→ Gbe → Ewe Togo ,
Fang Niger–Congo →
Bantu → Beti → Fang
Río Mu
Guinea
Fijians Austronesian → Fijian Fiji
Finns Uralic → Finnic →
Finnish Finland
Flemings Indo-European →
Germanic → Dutch Flander
Fon Niger–Congo → Kwa
→ Gbe → Fon Dahom
French Indo-European →
Romance → French
France ,
( Switze
Valley (
Frisians
Indo-European →
Germanic →
Frisian[note 3]
Frisia (
Germa
Friulians Indo-European →
Romance → Friulian Friuli (I
Fula
Niger–Congo →
Atlantic →
Senegambian → Fula
West A
Senega
Nigeria
Niger ,
Benin ) [
Fur Nilo-Saharan → Fur Darfur (
Ga-Adangbe
Niger–Congo → Kwa
→ Ga–
Dangme[note 3]
Greater
( Ghana
Gagauz Turkic → Oghuz →
Gagauz
Gagauz
Budjak
Galicians Indo-European →
Romance → Galician Galicia
Ganda
Niger–Congo →
Bantu → Great Lakes
→ Luganda
Bugand
Garifuna
Arawakan → Ta-
Arawakan →
Garifuna[note 31]
Saint V
the
Grenad
Garos Sino-Tibetan → Sal
→ Garo Garo H
Gayonese
Austronesian →
Northwest Sumatran
→ Gayo
Indone
Meriah ,
Aceh ,
Lues R
Gbagyi Niger–Congo →
Nupoid → Gwari Nigeria
Gbaya
Niger–Congo →
Ubangian →
Gbaya [note 3]
Central
Republi
Gedeo Afroasiatic →
Cushitic → Gedeo
Gedeo
( Ethiop
Gelao Kra–Dai → Kra →
Gelao[note 33] Guizho
Georgians Kartvelian →
Georgian Georgi
Germans Indo-European →
Germanic → German
Germa
Switzer
Liechte
Gola Niger–Congo → Gola Liberia ,
Gonds Dravidian →
Gondi [note 34] Gondw
Gorontaloans
Austronesian →
Philippine →
Gorontaloan
Goront
( Indone
Greeks Indo-European →
Greek Greece ,
Guan Niger–Congo → Kwa
→ Guang [note 3] Ghana
and Vo
Guaraní Tupian → Guarani Paragu
( Argent
Gujarati Indo-European →
Indo-Aryan → Gujarati Gujarat
Gumuz Nilo-Saharan →
Gumuz
Benish
Region
Gurage
Afroasiatic → Semitic
→ Ethiopic →
Gurage [note 3] Guragi
Gurma Niger–Congo → Gur
→ Gourmanché
Gurmal
Faso ,
Gurunsi Niger–Congo → Gur
→ Gurunsi[note 3] Burkina
Ghana ,
Hadiya Afroasiatic →
Cushitic → Hadiyya Hadiya
Han Sino-Tibetan →
Chinese China
Hani Sino-Tibetan →
Loloish → Hani Yunnan
Harari Afroasiatic → Semitic
→ Ethiopic → Harari Hararia
Hausa Afroasiatic → Chadic
→ Hausa
Hausal
Nigeria
Hawaiians
Austronesian →
Polynesian →
Hawaiian[note 35]
Hawaii
States )
Hazaras
Indo-European →
Iranian → Persian →
Hazaragi
Hazaraj
( Afgha
Herero Niger–Congo →
Bantu → Herero
Hererol
( Namib
Hmong Hmong–Mien →
Hmongic[note 3]
Guizho
( China )
Hui
Sino-Tibetan →
Chinese → Mandarin
Chinese
Northw
( China )
Huli Trans–New Guinea →
Engan → Huli
Souther
Provinc
New G
Hungarians Uralic → Ugric →
Hungarian
Hungar
Land (
Felvidé
Hutu
Niger–Congo →
Bantu → Great Lakes
→ Rwanda-
Rundi[note 37]
Rwand
Kivu (D
Republi
Congo )
Iban Austronesian →
Malayic → Iban Sarawa
Ibanag
Austronesian →
Philippine →
Cordilleran → Ibanag Philippi
Cagaya
Ibibio
Niger–Congo →
Cross River → Ibibio-
Efik → Ibibio
Akwa I
( Nigeri
Icelanders
Indo-European →
Germanic → Nordic
→ Icelandic
Iceland
Idoma Niger–Congo →
Idomoid → Idoma
Benue
( Nigeri
Igbo Niger–Congo → Igbo Igbolan
Igede Niger–Congo →
Idomoid → Igede
Benue
( Nigeri
Igorot
Austronesian →
Philippine →
Cordilleran[note 3] Cordill
Admini
Region
Ijaw Niger–Congo →
Ijaw [note 3]
Nigeria
Bayels
States)
Ilocano
Austronesian →
Philippine →
Cordilleran → Ilocano
Ilocos
( Philip
Ingush Northeast Caucasian
→ Nakh → Ingush Ingush
Inuit Eskimo–Aleut →
Inuit [note 3]
Greenla
( Denm
( Nunav
Nunats
Nunavi
Nunatu
Alaska
States )
Iranun Austronesian →
Philippine → Iranun
Mindan
( Philip
Irish
Indo-European →
Celtic →
Irish [note 24]
Ireland
Ireland ,
Kingdo
Iroquois Iroquoian [note 39] United
Canada
Isan Kra–Dai → Tai →
Lao → Isan Isan (T
Isoko Niger–Congo →
Edoid → Isoko
Isoko r
( Nigeri
Italians Indo-European →
Romance → Italian
Italy , Ti
( Switze
Itawes
Austronesian →
Philippine →
Cordilleran → Itawis
Cagaya
( Philip
Japanese Japonic → Japanese Japan
Jarai Austronesian →
Chamic → Jarai
Central
( Vietna
Javanese Austronesian →
Javanese Java (I
Jews Afroasiatic → Semitic
→ Hebrew [note 41] Israel [n
Jingpo Sino-Tibetan → Sal
→ Jingpho
Kachin
( Myan
( China )
Jola
Niger–Congo →
Atlantic →
Senegambian →
Jola [note 3]
Jolalan
Jukun
Niger–Congo →
Jukun
Takum [note 43] Wukari
Kadazan-Dusun
Austronesian →
Bornean →
Dusunic[note 3] Sabah
Kalanga
Niger–Congo →
Bantu → Shona →
Kalanga
Zimba
Botswa
Kalenjin
Nilo-Saharan →
Nilotic →
Kalenjin[note 3]
Rift Val
( Kenya
Kamba Niger–Congo →
Bantu → Kamba Ukamb
Kanaks Austronesian →
Kanak [note 3] Kanaki
Kannadigas Dravidian → Kannada Karnata
Kanuri Nilo-Saharan →
Saharan → Kanuri
Kanuril
Niger ,
Camer
Kapampangans
Austronesian →
Philippine →
Kapampangan
Pampa
( Philip
Kapsiki Afroasiatic → Chadic
→ Kapsiki
Mandar
( Nigeri
Karachays Turkic → Kipchak →
Karachay
Karach
( Russia
Karakalpaks Turkic → Kipchak →
Karakalpak
Karakal
( Uzbeki
Karbi Sino-Tibetan → Kuki-
Chin–Naga → Karbi
Karbi A
district
Karen Sino-Tibetan →
Karenic [note 3] Karen
( Myan
Kashmiris
Indo-European →
Indo-Aryan → Dardic
→ Kashmiri
Kashmi
Pakista
Kashubians Indo-European →
Slavic → Kashubian Kashub
Kazakhs Turkic → Kipchak →
Kazakh Kazakh
Khas Indo-European →
Indo-Aryan → Nepali
Nepal ,
( India)
Khmer Austroasiatic →
Khmer Cambo
Khonds Dravidian → Kui Kandha
Khorasani Turks Turkic → Oghuz →
Khorasani Turkic Khoras
Kikuyu Niger–Congo →
Bantu → Kikuyu Kenya
Kilba Afroasiatic → Chadic
→ Huba Hong (
Kirati Sino-Tibetan →
Kiranti[note 3]
Eastern
Develo
( Nepal
Kissi
Niger–Congo →
Atlantic → Mel →
Kissi
Guinea ,
Kofyar Afroasiatic → Chadic
→ Kofyar
Plateau
( Nigeri
Komi Uralic → Permic →
Komi
Russia
Republi
Permya
Konkani
Indo-European →
Indo-Aryan →
Konkani
Goa (In
Kongo Niger–Congo →
Bantu → Kongo
Kongol
( Demo
Republi
Congo ,
the Co
Konjo Niger–Congo →
Bantu → Konjo
Rwenz
( Demo
Republi
Congo ,
Konso Afroasiatic →
Cushitic → Konso Konso
Koreans Korean Korea (
South
Kpelle Niger–Congo →
Mande → Kpelle Liberia ,
Kposo
Niger–Congo → Kwa
→ Ghana–Togo
Mountain → Kposo
Plateau
Ghana
Kru Niger–Congo →
Kru [note 3]
Liberia
and M
Countie
Kumyks Turkic → Kipchak →
Kumyk Dagest
Kunama Nilo-Saharan →
Kunama Eritrea ,
Kurds
Indo-European →
Iranian →
Kurdish[note 3]
Kurdist
Iran , Ir
Kurukh Dravidian → Kurukh Chota
Plateau
Kuteb Niger–Congo →
Jukunoid → Kuteb
Taraba
( Nigeri
Kyrgyz Turkic → Kipchak →
Kyrgyz Kyrgyz
Laks Northeast Caucasian
→ Lak Lakia (
Lamaholot
Austronesian →
Flores–Lembata →
Lamaholot
Solor (I
Lampungs Austronesian →
Lampung
Lampu
( Indone
Lao Kra–Dai → Tai →
Lao Laos
Latvians Indo-European →
Baltic → Latvian Latvia
Laz Kartvelian →
Laz [note 44] Lazista
Georgi
Lebanese
Afroasiatic → Semitic
→ Arabic → North
Levantine
Arabic[note 45]
Lebano
Lega Niger–Congo →
Bantu → Lega
Democ
of the
Lezgins Northeast Caucasian
→ Lezgic → Lezgian
Lezgist
Azerbai
Li Kra–Dai →
Hlai [note 3] Hainan
Limba Niger–Congo →
Limba
Sierra
( Bomb
Koinad
Lisu Sino-Tibetan →
Loloish → Lisu China ,
Lithuanians Indo-European →
Baltic → Lithuanian Lithuan
Luba
Niger–Congo →
Bantu →
Luban[note 3]
Lubala
( Demo
Republi
Congo )
Luhya Niger–Congo →
Bantu → Luhya
Wester
( Kenya
Luo
Nilo-Saharan →
Nilotic → Luo →
Dholuo
Kenya
Lurs Indo-European →
Iranian → Luri Iran
Luxembourgers
Indo-European →
Germanic → German
→ Luxembourgish
Luxem
Arelerla
Maasai Nilo-Saharan →
Nilotic → Maasai
Maasai
( Tanza
Macedonians Indo-European →
Slavic → Macedonian North
Madi
Nilo-Saharan →
Central Sudanic →
Ma'di
Democ
of the
Sudan ,
Madurese Austronesian →
Madurese
Madura
( Indone
Mafa Afroasiatic → Chadic
→ Mafa Camer
Magahi
Indo-European →
Indo-Aryan → Bihari
→ Magahi
Magad
Magars Sino-Tibetan →
Magar[note 48] Nepal
Maguindanao
Austronesian →
Philippine →
Maguindanao
Maguin
( Philip
Maithils
Indo-European →
Indo-Aryan → Bihari
→ Maithili
Mithila
Nepal )
Makassarese
Austronesian → South
Sulawesi →
Makassarese
South
( Indone
Makonde Niger–Congo →
Bantu → Makonde
Tanzan
Plateau
( Moza
Makua Niger–Congo →
Bantu → Makhuwa Mozam
Malays Austronesian →
Malayic → Malay
Malay
( Malay
Singap
Indone
Malayali Dravidian →
Malayalam Kerala
Maldivians
Indo-European →
Indo-Aryan →
Maldivian
Maldiv
Maltese Afroasiatic → Semitic
→ Arabic → Maltese Malta
Mambila Niger–Congo →
Mambila
Mambi
( Nigeri
Manchu Tungusic →
Manchu[note 49] Manch
Mandarese Austronesian → South
Sulawesi → Mandar
West S
( Indone
Mandinka
Niger–Congo →
Mande →
Manding [note 3]
Mali , T
Guinea ,
Manggarai
Austronesian →
Sumba–Flores →
Manggarai
Mangg
( Indone
Manjak
Niger–Congo →
Atlantic →
Senegambian →
Manjak
Guinea
Senega
Māori
Austronesian →
Polynesian →
Māori[note 50] New Z
Mapuche Mapudungun[note 51] Arauca
Argenti
Maranao
Austronesian →
Philippine →
Maranao
Lanao (
Marathi Indo-European →
Indo-Aryan → Marathi Mahara
Mari Uralic → Mari Mari El
Masa Afroasiatic → Chadic
→ Masana Camer
Masalit Nilo-Saharan →
Masalit Sudan ,
Maya Mayan[note 3]
Guate
Mexico
Campe
Roo , T
Chiapa
Mazahua
Oto-Manguean →
Oto-Pamean →
Mazahua
State o
( Mexic
Mazatec
Oto-Manguean →
Popolocan →
Mazatecan [note 3] Oaxaca
Mbaka Niger–Congo →
Ubangian → Mbaka
Central
Republi
Democ
of the
Mehri Afroasiatic → Semitic
→ Mehri
Mahra
Oman )
Meitei Sino-Tibetan → Kuki-
Chin–Naga → Meitei Manipu
Melanau Austronesian →
Bornean → Melanau Sarawa
Mende Niger–Congo →
Mande → Mende
Sierra
( South
Eastern
Merina
Austronesian →
Bornean → Barito →
Malagasy
Antana
Provinc
( Mada
Miꞌkmaq Algic → Algonquian
→ Miꞌkmaq [note 25] Mi'kma
Mien Hmong–Mien →
Mienic
China (
Guizho
Mijikenda Niger–Congo →
Bantu → Mijikenda
Coast
( Kenya
Minahasan
Austronesian →
Philippine →
Minahasan [note 3]
Minaha
Penins
( Indone
Minangkabau
Austronesian →
Malayic → Malay →
Minangkabau
Minang
Highla
( Indone
Mising Sino-Tibetan → Tani
→ Mising
India (
Arunac
Miskito Misumalpan →
Miskito
Mosqui
( Nicara
Hondur
Mixe Mixe–Zoque →
Mixe[note 3] Oaxaca
Mixtec Oto-Manguean →
Mixtecan → Mixtec La Mix
Mon Austroasiatic → Mon Mon St
( Myan
Mongo Niger–Congo →
Bantu → Mongo
Democ
of the
( Équat
Mongal
Ubangi ,
Mongols Mongolic[note 3] Inner
( China )
Mongondow
Austronesian →
Philippine →
Mongondow
Mongo
( Indone
Montenegrins
Indo-European →
Slavic → Serbo-
Croatian →
Montenegrin
Monten
Mordvins Uralic →
Mordvinic [note 3] Mordo
Mossi Niger–Congo → Gur
→ Mossi
Mossil
Faso )
Mumuye Niger–Congo →
Adamawa → Mumuye
Taraba
( Nigeri
Munanese
Austronesian →
Celebic →
Munanese [note 3] Muna (
Mundas Austroasiatic →
Munda → Mundari
India (
Odisha ,
Bengal
Murut
Austronesian →
Bornean →
Murutic[note 3] Murutia
Muscogee Muskogean →
Muscogee[note 21]
United
( Alaba
Tennes
Georgi
Musgum Afroasiatic → Chadic
→ Musgu
Far No
( Camer
( Chari-
Mayo-
Mwera Niger–Congo →
Bantu → Mwera
Tanzan
and Ru
Region
Naga Sino-Tibetan → Kuki-
Chin–Naga [note 23] Nagala
Nagpuri
Indo-European →
Indo-Aryan → Bihari
→ Sadri
Chota
Plateau
Nahuas Uto-Aztecan →
Nahuatl Mexico
Nama Khoe → Khoekhoe
Namal
( Namib
Africa
Navajo
Dené–Yeniseian →
Na-Dene → Apachean
→ Navajo
Navajo
( United
Newar Sino-Tibetan →
Newar
Kathm
( Nepal
Ngaju
Austronesian →
Bornean → Barito →
Ngaju
Central
( Indone
Ngalop Sino-Tibetan →
Tibetic → Dzongkha Bhutan
Ngbandi Niger–Congo →
Ubangian → Ngbandi
Democ
of the
Central
Republi
Nias
Austronesian →
Northwest Sumatran
→ Nias
Nias (I
Nogais Turkic → Kipchak →
Nogai
Russia
Krai , D
Norwegians
Indo-European →
Germanic → Nordic
→ Norwegian
Norway
Nubians Nilo-Saharan →
Nubian [note 3] Nubia (
Sudan )
Nuer Nilo-Saharan →
Nilotic → Nuer
Nuerla
Sudan )
Nùng Kra–Dai → Tai →
Zhuang → Nung
Vietna
( China )
Nuristanis Indo-European →
Nuristani [note 3] Nurista
( Afgha
Nyishi Sino-Tibetan → Tani
→ Nishi
Arunac
( India)
Occitans
Indo-European →
Romance →
Occitan[note 20]
Occitan
Italy , S
Odia Indo-European →
Indo-Aryan → Odia Odisha
Ogoni
Niger–Congo →
Cross River →
Ogoni [note 3] Ogonil
Ojibwe Algic → Algonquian
→ Ojibwe [note 52]
Anishin
( Canad
States )
Oromo Afroasiatic →
Cushitic → Oromo
Oromia
Kenya
Ossetians Indo-European →
Iranian → Ossetian
South
Ossetia
( Russia
Ot Danum
Austronesian →
Bornean → Barito →
Ot Danum
Indone
Central
Otomi Oto-Manguean →
Otomian → Otomi
Mexico
Puebla ,
State o
Querét
Ovambo Niger–Congo →
Bantu → Ovambo
Ovamb
( Namib
Ovimbundu Niger–Congo →
Bantu → Umbundu Angola
Pa'O Sino-Tibetan →
Karenic → Pa'O
Shan S
( Myan
Palestinians
Afroasiatic → Semitic
→ Arabic → South
Levantine Arabic
State o
Israel [n
Pamiris
Indo-European →
Iranian →
Pamir [note 3]
Pamir
( Tajikis
Afghani
Pangasinese
Austronesian →
Philippine →
Pangasinan
Pangas
( Philip
Papel
Niger–Congo →
Atlantic →
Senegambian →
Papel
Biomb
( Guine
Pare Niger–Congo →
Bantu → Pare
Pare M
( Tanza
Pashayi
Indo-European →
Indo-Aryan → Dardic
→ Pashayi [note 3]
Afghani
( Lagh
and Na
Provinc
Pashtuns Indo-European →
Iranian → Pashto
Pashtu
( Afgha
Pakista
Pedi
Niger–Congo →
Bantu → Sotho–
Tswana → Sepedi
Limpo
Africa )
Pende Niger–Congo →
Bantu → Pende
Democ
of the
Persians Indo-European →
Iranian → Persian Iran
Poles Indo-European →
Slavic → Polish Poland
Portuguese
Indo-European →
Romance →
Portuguese
Portug
Punjabis Indo-European →
Indo-Aryan → Punjabi Punjab
India )
Purépecha Purépecha Michoa
Qashqai Turkic → Oghuz →
Qashqai Fars Pr
Qiang Sino-Tibetan →
Qiangic[note 3]
Ngawa
Qiang
Prefect
Quechua Quechuan[note 3] Peru , B
Ecuado
Rade Austronesian →
Chamic → Rade
Central
( Vietna
Rajasthanis
Indo-European →
Indo-Aryan →
Hindustani →
Rajasthani
Rajasth
Rajbongshi
Indo-European →
Indo-Aryan →
Kamtapuri
India (
Bengal
Rakhine
Sino-Tibetan →
Burmese →
Arakanese
Rakhin
( Myan
Rejangese
Austronesian →
Bornean → Land
Dayak → Rejang
Rejang
Regenc
Rohingyas
Indo-European →
Indo-Aryan →
Rohingya
Rakhin
( Myan
Roma Indo-European →
Indo-Aryan → Romani
Europe
Hungar
North
Serbia ,
Czech
Republi
Romanians
Indo-European →
Romance →
Romanian
Roman
Russians Indo-European →
Slavic → Russian Russia
Ryukyuans Japonic →
Ryukyuan[note 54] Ryukyu
( Japan
Rusyns Indo-European →
Slavic → Rusyn
Carpat
( Ukrain
Poland
Saho Afroasiatic →
Cushitic → Saho Eritrea
Sahrawi
Afroasiatic → Semitic
→ Arabic →
Hassaniya Arabic
Wester
( Moroc
Arab D
Republi
Salar Turkic → Oghuz →
Salar
China (
Gansu )
Sama-Bajau
Austronesian →
Bornean → Barito →
Sama–Bajaw [note 3]
Mariti
Asia ( P
Malays
Brunei )
Sambal
Austronesian →
Philippine →
Sambalic [note 3]
Zambal
( Philip
Sámi Uralic →
Sami[note 3]
Sápmi
Swede
Russia
Samoans
Austronesian →
Polynesian →
Samoan
Samoa
( Samo
Samoa
Sangirese
Austronesian →
Philippine →
Sangirese
Sangih
( Indone
Santal Austroasiatic →
Munda → Santali
India (
Jharkh
Odisha
Sara
Nilo-Saharan →
Central Sudanic →
Sara [note 3]
Chad ,
Republi
Sardinians Indo-European →
Romance → Sardinian Sardini
Sasak Austronesian →
Sasak Lombo
Savu
Austronesian →
Sumba–Flores →
Sumba → Hawu
Savu (I
Scots
Indo-European →
Celtic → Scottish
Gaelic [note 24]
Scotlan
Kingdo
Senufo Niger–Congo →
Senufo [note 3] Mali , Iv
Burkina
Serbs
Indo-European →
Slavic → Serbo-
Croatian → Serbian
Serbia ,
Srpska
Herzeg
Serer
Niger–Congo →
Atlantic →
Senegambian → Serer
Senega
Shan Kra–Dai → Tai →
Shan
Shan S
( Myan
Sharchops Sino-Tibetan →
Tshangla
Bhutan
Monga
Pemag
Samdr
Trashig
Trashiy
District
Sherbro
Niger–Congo →
Atlantic → Mel →
Sherbro
Sherbr
( Sierra
Shilluk
Nilo-Saharan →
Nilotic → Luo →
Shilluk
South
Shona Niger–Congo → Bantu
→ Shona
Masho
( Zimba
Sibe Tungusic →
Xibe[note 49]
China (
Jilin ,
Xinjian
Sidama Afroasiatic →
Cushitic → Sidaama Sidami
Siddi
Niger–Congo →
Bantu →
Swahili [note 56]
Pakista
( Baluch
India (
Gujarat
Sika
Austronesian →
Flores–Lembata →
Sika
Sikka
( Indone
Silesians Indo-European →
Slavic → Silesian
Silesia
Czech
Republi
Silt'e
Afroasiatic → Semitic
→ Ethiopic → Gurage
→ Silt'e
Siltia (
Sindhis Indo-European →
Indo-Aryan → Sindhi Sindh (
Sinhalese Indo-European →
Indo-Aryan → Sinhala Sri Lan
Sioux Siouan →
Sioux[note 57] Lakota
States )
Slovaks Indo-European →
Slavic → Slovak Slovaki
Slovenes Indo-European →
Slavic → Slovene Sloveni
Soga Niger–Congo →
Bantu → Soga Busoga
Somalis Afroasiatic →
Cushitic → Somali
Greater
( Somal
Djibout
Songhai Nilo-Saharan →
Songhai Mali , N
Soninke Niger–Congo →
Mande → Soninke Mali
Sotho
Niger–Congo →
Bantu → Sotho–
Tswana → Sotho
Free St
Africa ),
Spaniards Indo-European →
Romance → Spanish Spain [
Sui Kra–Dai → Kam–Sui
→ Sui
Sandu
Autono
( China )
Sumba
Austronesian →
Sumba–Flores →
Sumba[note 3] Sumba
Sundanese Austronesian →
Sundanese Java (I
Sukuma Niger–Congo →
Bantu → Sukuma Tanzan
Sumbawa Austronesian →
Sumbawa
Sumba
( Indone
Surma Nilo-Saharan →
Surmic[note 59] Ethiopi
Sudan
Susu Niger–Congo →
Mande → Susu
Guinea ,
( Sierra
Swahili Niger–Congo →
Bantu → Swahili
Swahili
( Kenya,
Mozam
Comor
Swazi
Niger–Congo →
Bantu → Nguni →
Swazi
Mpum
Africa ),
Swedes
Indo-European →
Germanic → Nordic
→ Swedish
Swede
Sylhetis Indo-European →
Indo-Aryan → Sylheti
Sylhet
( Bangl
Valley (
Tabasaran
Northeast Caucasian
→ Lezgic →
Tabasaranese
Tabasa
( Russia
Tagalogs Austronesian →
Philippine → Tagalog Philippi
Tahitians
Austronesian →
Polynesian →
Tahitian[note 20] Tahiti (
Tajiks
Indo-European →
Iranian → Persian →
Tajik
Afghani
Tajikist
Uzbeki
Talysh Indo-European →
Iranian → Talysh Azerbai
Tama Nilo-Saharan → Tama Chad ,
Tamils Dravidian → Tamil
Tamil
Sri Lan
and Ea
Provinc
Tandroy
Austronesian →
Bornean → Barito →
Tandroy-Mafahaly
Androy
( Mada
Tankas
Sino-Tibetan →
Chinese → Yue
Chinese
China (
Guangx
Hainan ,
Hong
Tarok Niger–Congo →
Plateau → Tarok
Plateau
( Nigeri
Tatars Turkic → Kipchak →
Tatar Tatarst
Tausūg
Austronesian →
Philippine → Visayan
→ Tausug
Sulu Ar
( Philip
Tboli Austronesian →
Philippine → Tboli
South
( Philip
Telugu Dravidian → Telugu India (
Prades
Temne
Niger–Congo →
Atlantic → Mel →
Temne
Sierra
Thais Kra–Dai → Tai →
Thai Thailan
Tibetans Sino-Tibetan →
Tibetic [note 3] Tibet (
Tigrayans
Afroasiatic → Semitic
→ Ethiopic →
Tigrinya
Eritrean
( Eritrea
( Ethiop
Tigre Afroasiatic → Semitic
→ Ethiopic → Tigre Eritrea
Tiv Niger–Congo → Tiv Benue
( Nigeri
Tiwa Sino-Tibetan → Sal
→ Tiwa[note 5] India (
Meghal
Tlapanec Oto-Manguean →
Tlapanec Guerrer
Toraja Austronesian → South
Sulawesi → Toraja
Tana T
( Indone
Toubou
Nilo-Saharan →
Saharan →
Tebu [note 3]
Toubou
Niger ,
Toucouleur
Niger–Congo →
Atlantic →
Senegambian → Fula
→ Pulaar
Futa T
( Seneg
Tripuri Sino-Tibetan → Sal
→ Kokborok Tripura
Tsonga Niger–Congo →
Bantu → Tsonga
Mozam
( Maput
Maput
Gaza P
South
( Limpo
Mpum
Tswana Niger–Congo →
Bantu → Tswana
Botswa
Tswan
Africa )
Tujia Sino-Tibetan →
Tujia[note 60] Wuling
( China )
Tupuri Niger–Congo →
Adamawa → Tupuri
Far No
( Camer
Kébbi (
Turkana Nilo-Saharan →
Nilotic → Turkana Turkan
Turks Turkic → Oghuz →
Turkish Turkey
Turkmens Turkic → Oghuz →
Turkmen Turkme
Tutsi
Niger–Congo →
Bantu → Great Lakes
→ Rwanda-
Rundi[note 37]
Rwand
Kivu (D
Republi
Congo )
Tuvans Turkic → Siberian →
Tuvan Tuva (
Udmurts Uralic → Permic →
Udmurt Udmurt
Urhobos Niger–Congo →
Edoid → Urhobo Delta S
Ukrainians Indo-European →
Slavic → Ukrainian Ukraine
Uyghurs Turkic → Karluk →
Uyghur Uyghuri
Uzbeks Turkic → Karluk →
Uzbek Uzbeki
Venda Niger–Congo →
Bantu → Tshivenda
Vendal
Africa )
Vietnamese Austroasiatic →
Vietic → Vietnamese Vietna
Visayans
Austronesian →
Philippine →
Visayan [note 3]
Visaya
( Philip
Wa Austroasiatic →
Palaungic → Wa Wa Sta
Walloons
Indo-European →
Romance → French
→ Walloon [note 61] Walloni
Waxiang
Sino-Tibetan →
Chinese → Waxiang
Chinese
Hunan
Welayta Afroasiatic → Omotic
→ Wolayitta Wolayit
Welsh
Indo-European →
Celtic →
Welsh [note 24]
Wales
Kingdo
Wolof
Niger–Congo →
Atlantic →
Senegambian →
Wolof
Senega
( Seneg
Gambi
Xhosa
Niger–Congo →
Bantu → Nguni →
Xhosa
Xhosal
Africa )
Yakan
Austronesian →
Bornean → Barito →
Sama–Bajaw →
Yakan
Basilan
Yakö Niger–Congo →
Cross River → Yakö
Yakurr
Govern
( Nigeri
Yakuts Turkic → Siberian →
Yakut Yakutia
Yao Niger–Congo →
Bantu → Yao
Malawi
Mozam
Tanzan
and Mt
Region
Yi Sino-Tibetan →
Loloish[note 3]
China (
Sichua
Guangx
Yoruba Niger–Congo →
Yoruba
Yorubal
Benin )
Zaghawa Nilo-Saharan →
Saharan → Zaghawa Chad ,
Zamboangueños
Indo-European →
Romance → Spanish
→ Chavacano
Zambo
( Philip
Zande Niger–Congo →
Zande
Democ
of the
Central
Republi
Sudan
Zapotecs Oto-Manguean →
Zapotec [note 3] Oaxaca
Zhuang Kra–Dai → Tai →
Zhuang[note 3] Zhuang
Zulu
Niger–Congo →
Bantu → Nguni →
Zulu
KwaZul
( South
Lists of ethnic groups
by status
List of indigenous peoples
List of diasporas
regional lists
List of ethnic groups in Russia
Asian people
List of ethnic groups in Burma
List of ethnic groups in China
List of ethnic groups in Laos
Demographics of Sindh
South Asian ethnic groups
Ethnic groups in Nepal
Ethnic groups in Pakistan
List of aboriginal ethnic groups in
Taiwan
List of ethnic groups in Vietnam
African people
Indigenous people of Africa
Ethnic groups in Chad
Ethnic groups in Ivory Coast
List of ethnic groups in Rivers State
List of ethnic groups in Tanzania
European people
Classification of indigenous peoples of the
Americas
List of Indigenous Australian group names
See also
Uncontacted peoples
Ethnic flag
List of language families
Lists of people by nationality
Lists of active separatist movements
Race (human categorization)
Y-chromosome haplogroups in populations of
the world
Lists of ethnic groups
List of indigenous peoples
Notes
1. ^ a b Following the Caucasian War, the
majority of Circassians and Abkhazians were
deported to Turkey.
2. ^ The majority of Afro-Haitians identify as
being Catholic . Haitian Vodou itself is a
syncretised religion chiefly derived from West
African Vodun and Catholicism .
3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w
x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an
ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd
be bf bg bh Language family; with some
exceptions, all speakers of the various
languages within this family are typically seen as
one singular ethnicity.
4. ^ a b c d e f Non-contiguous homeland.
Throughout most of their history (if not their
entire history), this ethnic group have lived in
separate, isolated communities scattered
throughout the countries/subdivisions listed.
5. ^ a b c Assamese ethnic group ; the vast
majority only speak Assamese .
6. ^ As the Akan language has only recently
been standardized , the majority of them still
speak their local dialects, which are usually
considered by linguists to be separate languages
altogether.
7. ^ Due to historical migrations, about half of
the Akan population reside in Ivory Coast .
8. ^ Some time around 1860s, many Akha have
been migrating to Myanmar, Laos, and Thailand.
Today, the majority reside outside of China.
9. ^ The Anglo-Indians are largely found in
India's urban areas. It is believed, however, that
the majority of the Anglo-Indians have left India
since the country's independence.
10. ^ With the exception of Navajo, all Apachean
speakers are seen as one ethnicity. However,
due to a history of forced assimilation by the
American government, the majority can only
speak English.
11. ^ Between 632 and 861 , the Arabs
controlled most of West Asia and North Africa ,
with Bedouin tribes forming in what is now
Algeria, Sudan, and Iraq. Today, the majority of
the Arab world is outside of Arabia.
12. ^ The Argobba have typically been a
merchant community and usually trades with
other ethnic groups; recently, these factors have
resulted in the majority only speaking Amharic or
Oromo.
13. ^ During the Armenian Genocide that
occurred in the Turkish part of Greater Armenia
(usually called Western Armenia), many
Armenians fled to Russia, France, and the United
States. Today, the majority reside outside of
Greater Armenia, and Western Armenia no longer
has an openly Armenian population (the Hemshin
largely avoid identifying themselves as being
Armenian, while the vast majority of people that
are openly Armenian in Turkey reside in Istanbul,
which is not a part of Western Armenia).
14. ^ The Aramaic language morphed into the
Neo-Aramaic languages around 1200 AD.
Whether the majority of the Assyrians are still
speaking these languages is unclear, however.
15. ^ Modern Assyria have seen long periods of
violence throughout the region, some of which
(such as the Assyrian genocide and the
Persecution of Christians by ISIL ) have been
directed against the Assyrians themselves. This
has caused many to flee to places such as the
United States and Sweden; it is believed that the
majority now reside outside of the Middle East .
16. ^ Due to the widespread presence of both
Spanish and French, the majority of Basques
only have a passive knowledge of their
language.
17. ^ Unlike the rest of the Soviet republics , who
were able to maintain their native language
despite the de facto Russianization during the
Soviet era, the Russian language has largely
replaced Belarusian in everyday use.
18. ^ The Beti and the Fang form the Beti-
Pahuin peoples . While the term Beti is
sometimes used interchangeably to refer to the
Beti-Pahuin people, the Beti ethnicity is
specifically limited to Ewondo and Eton
speakers.
19. ^ Due to their historical low status in India,
the majority only speak Bengali.
20. ^ a b c d Due to France's long history of
promoting the French language at the expense of
others, the vast majority only speak French.
21. ^ a b c Due to the a long history of forced
assimilation by the American government, the
vast majority only speak English.
22. ^ a b c Following the passage of the Indian
Removal Act , the Cherokee, the Choctaw, and
the Muscogee were all forced to relocate their
entire population to Oklahoma .
23. ^ a b The Kuki-Chin–Naga language
grouping (it is unclear whether the Kuki-Chin–
Naga form an actual language family) consists
of five to eight branches. Except for Karbi and
Meitei, the Kuki-Chin–Naga is divided between
the Chin and the Naga. The Mruic and most of
the Kuki-Chin speakers are seen as Chin, while
speakers of the remaining Kuki-Chin–Naga
branches (Ao , Angami–Pochuri , Tangkhulic , and
Zeme) and the speakers Northwestern Kuki-Chin
are seen as Naga.
24. ^ a b c d Due to a long history of English
dominance within Great Britain, the Celtic
languages within the islands have seen steady
decline in use, with some of them eventually
going extinct. Although all of them have since
seen major language revival movements , English
continues to be main language for the majority
of this group.
25. ^ a b Due to the a long history of forced
assimilation by the Canadian government, the
vast majority can only either speak English.
26. ^ a b c d e Largest practiced religion; the
majority/plurality of this group are actually non-
religious .
27. ^ Due to their historical low status in India,
the majority only speak Gujarati.
28. ^ The original Egyptian language , which
morphed into the Coptic language around the 1st
century AD, died out as a spoken language
around the 17th century and is now only used for
religious ceremonies. Today, the Egyptians,
including the Copts, speak Arabic.
29. ^ Between 1583 and 1997 , the English, via
being the dominant ethnic group in the United
Kingdom, created the largest empire in the
world, setting up settler colonies in areas such
as what is now the United States, Canada, and
Australia. Today, the majority of the Anglosphere
is outside of the United Kingdom.
30. ^ a b c This ethnic group is largely a
nomadic or semi-nomadic one and do not have
a particular area to claim as a primary
homeland; these countries are listed here due to
having a large population of this group.
31. ^ Like its speakers, the Garfuna language is
the only remnant of the Island Carib language .
32. ^ Following the Second Carib War , the
majority of the Garifuna were deported to
Honduras, where they later spread to Guatemala,
Belize, and Nicaragua. Since then, Honduras
have seen high murder rates, causing many to
flee to United States.
33. ^ Many of the Gelao dialects are mutually
unintelligible from each other and are known to
intermarry with other ethnic groups; recently,
these factors have resulted in most of the
populations speaking only Chinese.
34. ^ Due to their historical low status in India,
the majority only speak Hindi.
35. ^ Since Hawaii's annexation into the United
States , English has almost completely
supplanted Hawaiian.
36. ^ Following the suppression of Miao
Rebellion of 1854–1873 , the majority of the
Hmong fled further south to Guangxi , Yunnan ,
Vietnam, and Laos.
37. ^ a b Refers specifically to the Kinyarwanda
and Kirundi dialects. The other speakers of the
dialects within the Rwanda-Rundi continuum are
considered to be separate from the Hutu, Tutsi,
and Twa peoples.
38. ^ During the Great Famine , many Irish
people fled to places like Argentina, Mexico, and
the United States. Today, the majority of people
claiming Irish ethnicity resides outside of Ireland.
39. ^ With the exception of Cherokee, all
Iroquoian speakers are seen as one ethnicity.
However, due to a long history of forced
assimilation by both American and Canadian
governments, the vast majority can only speak
English.
40. ^ The majority of the Japanese practiced a
syncretised form of Shinto and Buddhism called
Shinbutsu-shūgō .
41. ^ Despite the successful revival of the
Hebrew language, many Jews continue to speak
the various languages that have developed by
the diaspora populations, including Yiddish ,
Ladino , and Judeo-Arabic . In addition, English
serves as the lingua franca of Israel.
42. ^ Until 1948 , the Jews were largely a
diaspora ethnicity, with the Jewish identity being
claimed mostly by descendants of those that left
Israel following the First Jewish–Roman War
while the remaining population evolved into the
Palestinians. Despite some entire Jewish
communities migrating back to Israel, the
Israelis only make up a plurality of the
worldwide Jewish population.
43. ^ The Wapan language have largely replaced
Jukun Takum as the main language.
44. ^ Due to both Turkification and the tendency
among Georgia-residing Laz to see themselves
as being a Georgian subgroup, the majority of
Laz either speak Turkish or Georgian.
45. ^ Most Lebanese migrants do not pass their
language to their children; recently, this has
resulted in Arabic-speakers only forming a
plurality of the overall population.
46. ^ Some time around the late 1800s, many
Lebanese have migrated to places such as
France, Brazil, and the United States. Today, the
majority reside outside of Lebanon.
47. ^ Due to poor soil condition in Madura, the
majority now live on Java .
48. ^ The majority of the Magars have recently
switched to Nepali.
49. ^ a b The majority of the Tungusic
languages are endangered, and many Tungusic
ethnic groups now mostly speak only Russian or
Chinese depending on the location of their
homeland.
50. ^ Although the Māori have been able to halt
the extinction of their language, the majority still
only speak English fluently.
51. ^ Due to gradual Hispanicization following
the Occupation of Araucanía, the majority of
Mapuche can only speak Spanish.
52. ^ Due to a long history of forced
assimilation by both American and Canadian
governments, the vast majority can only speak
English.
53. ^ During the 1948 Arab–Israeli War , many
Palestinians fled to places like Jordan, Syria, and
Lebanon. Today, the majority reside outside of
what was once Mandatory Palestine.
54. ^ All Ryukyuan speakers are seen as one
ethnicity; however, due to a history of forced
assimilation by the Japanese government, the
majority can only speak Japanese.
55. ^ The Rusyn identity is mostly limited to
those residing outside of Carpathian Ruthenia.
Within Carpathian Ruthenia itself (especially in
the Ukrainian region), the majority of its
residents identify themselves as being Ukrainian.
56. ^ The Siddi now speak the dominant
language of their region.
57. ^ Due to a history of forced assimilation by
the American government, the majority can only
speak English.
58. ^ Between 1492 and 1833 , the Spaniards
controlled most of the Americas, with Mestizo
communities forming in areas such as what is
now Mexico, Argentina, and Colombia. Today,
the majority of the Hispanosphere is outside of
Spain.
59. ^ Refers specifically to the three languages
that form the Surma language family: Me'en ,
Mursi, and Suri.
60. ^ Due to the widespread presence of
Chinese, the majority of Tujia only have a
passive knowledge of their language.
61. ^ Prior to the mid-twentieth century , the
lingua franca of Belgium was French; this, paired
with the fact that the Walloons are usually
considered to be a French subgroup, have now
resulted in the majority of them speaking only
standard French.
References
1. ^ "Abkhaz" . Ethnologue. Retrieved 24
November 2018. Total Abkhaz users in all
countries.
2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p
Kewarganegaraan, Suku Bangsa, Agama dan
Bahasa Sehari-hari Penduduk Indonesia Hasil
Sensus Penduduk 2010 . Statistics Indonesia .
2011. ISBN 978-979-064-417-5 . Indonesian
population only.
3. ^ "Acholi" . Encyclopædia Britannica.
Retrieved 8 March 2019.
4. ^ "Etsako in Nigeria" . Joshua Project.
Retrieved 12 January 2019.
5. ^ "Afar" . Ethnologue. Retrieved 12
December 2018. Figure taken by adding the
ethnic populations of Ethiopia and Djibouti with
the Eritrean population.
6. ^ "ACS DEMOGRAPHIC AND HOUSING
ESTIMATES: 2017 American Community Survey
1-Year Estimates" . United States Census
Bureau . Retrieved 5 April 2018. American
population only. Race alone or in combination
with one or more other races. Measures the
entire Sub-Saharan African population residing in
the United States, including Afro-Latin
Americans , Afro-Caribbeans , and recent African
immigrants .
7. ^ "Afrikaners constitute nearly three million
out of approximately 53 million inhabitants of the
Republic of South Africa, plus as many as half a
million in diaspora." Afrikaner – Unrepresented
Nations and Peoples Organization. Retrieved 24
August 2014.
8. ^ "Censo Demográfi co 2010 Características
da população e dos domicílios Resultados do
universo" (PDF). 8 November 2011. Retrieved
12 July 2014. Brazilian population only.
9. ^ "Dominican Republic" . The World
Factbook . Central Intelligence Agency. Dominican
population only. Figures taken using the
percentages listed with the total population, the
former solely from the black percentage
(including other Sub-Saharan African population
residing in the Dominican Republic such Haitian
immigrants and Samaná Americans), the latter
including the total mixed percentage.
10. ^ "Haiti" . The World Factbook . Central
Intelligence Agency . Haitian population only.
Figure taken using the percentages listed with
the total population.
11. ^ "Saint Lucia" . The World Factbook .
Central Intelligence Agency. Saint Lucian
population only. Figure taken using the
percentages listed with the total population.
12. ^ "Awi in Ethiopia" . Joshua Project.
Retrieved 17 January 2019. "Bilen in Eritrea" .
Joshua Project. Retrieved 17 January 2019.
"Kemant in Ethiopia" . Joshua Project.
Retrieved 17 January 2019. "Ximre in
Ethiopia" . Joshua Project . Retrieved 17
January 2019. Figure taken by totaling all four
populations.
13. ^ "Ahom in India" . Joshua Project.
Retrieved 27 January 2019.
14. ^ "Ahom" . Ethnologue. Retrieved 23
January 2019. Possible number of Assamese
speakers claiming to be of Ahom descent.
15. ^ "Aimaq" . Ethnologue. Retrieved 11
December 2018. Total Aimaq users in all
countries.
16. ^ "Aja" . Ethnologue. Retrieved 11
December 2018. Total Adja users in all
countries.
17. ^ "Cote D'Ivoire" . The World Factbook .
Central Intelligence Agency. "Ghana" . The
World Factbook . Central Intelligence Agency .
Figure taken using the percentages listed with
the total populations. Akan residing outside
these countries not included.
18. ^ "Akha" . Ethnologue. Retrieved 17
January 2019. Total users of Akha in all
countries.
19. ^ The International Dalit Solidarity Network:
The Al-Akhdam in Yemen
20. ^ "Albanian" . Ethnologue . Retrieved 12
December 2018. Population total of all
languages of the Albanian macrolanguage.
21. ^ "Alur" . Ethnologue . Retrieved 9 April
2019. Total Alur users in all countries.
22. ^ "Malay, Ambonese" . Ethnologue .
Retrieved 24 February 2019. Total first-language
Ambonese Malay users in all countries.
23. ^ "Mbundu" . Encyclopædia Britannica .
Retrieved 8 March 2019.
24. ^ "Americo-Liberians" . BlackPast.org .
Retrieved 7 October 2018.
25. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k "Census 2007"
Archived February 14, 2012, at the Wayback
Machine. Ethiopian population only. Figure taken
from Urban + Rural population in Table 5.
26. ^ Chia-chen, Hsieh; Wu, Jeffrey (15 February
2015). "Amis remains Taiwan's biggest
aboriginal tribe at 37.1% of total" .
FocusTaiwan.tw . The Central News Agency.
Retrieved 30 April 2015.
27. ^ "Anaang" . Ethnologue. Retrieved 14
February 2019.
28. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v
2011 Indian census , Abstract of Speakers'
Strength of Languages and Mother Tongues.
Indian population only. Figure taken using the
language grouping population or the specific
mother tongue population.
29. ^ Fisher, Michael H. (2007), "Excluding and
Including "Natives of India": Early-Nineteenth-
Century British-Indian Race Relations in Britain",
Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa and
the Middle East 27 (2): 303–314 [305],
doi: 10.1215/1089201x-2007-007 Indian
population only.
30. ^ a b c d e Diagram Group (2013).
Encyclopedia of African Peoples . San
Francisco, CA: Routledge.
ISBN 9781135963415 .
31. ^ "Antambahoaka in Madagascar" . Joshua
Project. Retrieved 11 April 2019.
32. ^ "Malagasy, Antankarana" . Ethnologue.
Retrieved 11 April 2019.
33. ^ "Anywa" . Encyclopædia Britannica .
Retrieved 8 March 2019.
34. ^ a b c d e f "The American Indian and
Alaska Native Population: 2010" (PDF).
census.gov . Retrieved 7 March 2017. American
population only. Figure taken using the American
Indian and Alaska Native tribal grouping alone
population from Table 7. The Muscogee figure is
taken by combining the Creek and Seminole
population.
35. ^ Margaret Kleffner Nydell Understanding
Arabs: A Guide For Modern Times ,
Intercultural Press, 2005, ISBN 1931930252,
page xxiii, 14.
36. ^ Dennis J.D. Sandole (24 January 2007).
Peace and Security in the Postmodern World: The
OSCE and Conflict Resolution . Routledge. p. 182.
ISBN 9781134145713 . "The nearly 3 million
Armenians in Armenia (and 3–4 million in the
Armenian Diaspora worldwide) 'perceive' the
nearly 8 million Azerbaijanis in Azerbaijan as
'Turks.'"
37. ^ Von Voss, Huberta (2007). Portraits of
Hope: Armenians in the Contemporary World.
New York: Berghahn Books. p. xxv.
ISBN 9781845452575 . "...there are some 8
million Armenians in the world..."
38. ^ Puig, Lluis Maria de (17 January 1997).
"Report: Aromanians" . Council of Europe
Parliamentary Assembly. Doc. 7728. Aromanian
speaking population.
39. ^ Ronald Roberson. "The Eastern Catholic
Churches 2016" (PDF). Catholic Near East
Welfare Association. Retrieved 29 November
2016. Information sourced from Annuario
Pontificio 2016 edition
40. ^ "Assyria" . Unrepresented Nations and
Peoples Organization . unpo.org.
41. ^ "Atoni" . Encyclopædia Britannica .
Retrieved 8 March 2019.
42. ^ "Katab in Nigeria" . Joshua Project.
Retrieved 14 February 2019.
43. ^ "Bavarian" . Ethnologue. Retrieved 29
January 2019. Figure taken by adding the
Austrian and Italian population.
44. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p "Russian
Census 2010: Population by ethnicity" .
Archived from the original on 24 April 2012.
Retrieved 16 April 2013. Russian population
only.
45. ^ "Aymara" . Encyclopædia Britannica .
Retrieved 8 March 2019.
46. ^ Sela, Avraham (2002). The Continuum
Political Encyclopedia of the Middle East .
Continuum. p. 197. ISBN 978-0-8264-1413-7 .
"30–35 million"
47. ^ a b c d e "The 2009 Vietnam Population
and Housing Census: Completed Results" .
General Statistics Office of Vietnam: Central
Population and Housing Census Steering
Committee. June 2010. p. 134. Archived from
the original on 18 October 2013. Retrieved 26
November 2013. Vietnamese population only.
48. ^ "The Bai ethnic minority" . China Internet
Information Center. Retrieved 30 January 2019.
Chinese population only.
49. ^ "Balanta-Kentohe" . Ethnologue .
Retrieved 3 January 2018. "Balanta-Ganja" .
Ethnologue . Retrieved 3 January 2018. Figure
taken by combining the total users of Balanta-
Kentohe in all countries with the Balanta-Ganja
population.
50. ^ "Baloch" . Encyclopædia Britannica.
Retrieved 8 March 2019.
51. ^ "Balti" . Ethnologue. Retrieved 24
November 2018. Total Balti users in all
countries.
52. ^ "Burmese" . Ethnologue. Retrieved 14
December 2018. Total first-language Burmese
users in all countries.
53. ^ "Bamanankan" . Ethnologue. Retrieved 1
December 2018. Total first-language
Bamanankan users in all countries.
54. ^ "Bamileke" . Encyclopædia Britannica .
Retrieved 8 March 2019.
55. ^ "Bamun" . Ethnologue. Retrieved 9
February 2019.
56. ^ Kevin Shillington (2013). Encyclopedia of
African History . Routledge. pp. 231–232.
ISBN 978-1-135-45670-2 .
57. ^ a b c d e f Kwame Anthony Appiah; Henry
Louis Gates Jr. , eds. (2010). Encyclopedia of
Africa, Volume 1 . Oxford University Press.
ISBN 978-0-19-533770-9 .
58. ^ "Bari" . Ethnologue . Retrieved 3 February
2019. "Kakwa" . Ethnologue . Retrieved 3
February 2019. "Mandari" . Ethnologue.
Retrieved 3 February 2019. Figure taken by
combining the total number of first-language Bari
users in all countries, the total number of Kakwa
users in all countries, and the Mandari
population.
59. ^ "Benin" . The World Factbook . Central
Intelligence Agency . Beninese population only.
Figure taken using the percentages listed with
the total populations.
60. ^ "Liberia" . The World Factbook . Central
Intelligence Agency . Liberian population only.
Figure taken using the percentage listed with the
total population.
61. ^ "Basque" . Encyclopædia Britannica .
Retrieved 8 March 2019. 850,000 in Spain,
130,000 in France, and 170,000 possibly living
in South America and the United States.
62. ^ "Bejah" . Encyclopædia Britannica .
Retrieved 8 March 2019.
63. ^ "Belarusian" . Joshua Project . Retrieved
31 January 2019.
64. ^ "Belize Creole" . Joshua Project .
Retrieved 9 February 2019.
65. ^ "Bemba" . Joshua Project. Retrieved 28
March 2019.
66. ^ "Bembe" . Ethnologue . Retrieved 6
January 2019.
67. ^ "Bengali" . Ethnologue. Retrieved 14
October 2016. Total first-language Bengali users
in all countries.
68. ^ "North Africa's Berbers get boost from
Arab Spring" . Fox News. 5 May 2012.
Retrieved 8 December 2013.
69. ^ Tej K. Bhatia; William C. Ritchie (2006).
The Handbook of Bilingualism . John Wiley &
Sons. p. 860. ISBN 978-0631227359 . Retrieved
19 July 2016.
70. ^ "Berom" . Ethnologue. Retrieved 7
February 2019.
71. ^ "Berta" . Ethnologue . Retrieved 24
November 2018. Total first-language Berta users
in all countries.
72. ^ "Malagasy, Northern Betsimisaraka" .
Ethnologue . Retrieved 7 February 2019.
"Malagasy, Southern Betsimisaraka" .
Ethnologue . Retrieved 7 February 2019. Figure
taken by combining both populations.
73. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Statistical Profile of
Scheduled Tribes in India (PDF). New Delhi :
Ministry of Tribal Affairs . 2013. Indian population
only. Figures taken either directly from Table
1.23 or by combining related total populations
of Table 1.24.
74. ^ "Bicol" . Encyclopædia Britannica.
Retrieved 8 March 2019.
75. ^ a b "State statistics: Malays edge past
Chinese in Sarawak" . The Borneo Post .
Archived from the original on 15 April 2016.
Retrieved 15 April 2016.
76. ^ "Naba" . Ethnologue. Retrieved 10 March
2019. 137,000 Bilala.
77. ^ "Bishnupriya" . Ethnologue. Retrieved 10
February 2019. Total Bishnupriya users in all
countries.
78. ^ "Bisa" . Ethnologue. Retrieved 5 February
2019. Total Bissa users in all countries.
79. ^ "Blaan, Koronadal" . Ethnologue .
Retrieved 2 March 2019. "Blaan, Sarangani" .
Ethnologue . Retrieved 2 March 2019. Figure
taken by combining both sources.
80. ^ "Bwa" . Ethnologue . Retrieved 17 January
2019.
81. ^ "Bosnian" . Ethnologue . Retrieved 7
January 2019. Total Bosnian users in all
countries.
82. ^ "The Bouyei ethnic minority" . China
Internet Information Center. Retrieved 17 February
2019. Chinese population only.
83. ^ "Bozo, Jenaama" . Ethnologue . Retrieved
7 February 2019. Includes only speakers of
Jenaama dialect.
84. ^ "Brahui" . Encyclopædia Britannica .
Retrieved 8 March 2019.
85. ^ "Populations légales 2013 - Insee" .
Institut national de la statistique et des études
économiques. Retrieved 31 December 2016.
"Populations légales 2013 - Insee" . Institut
national de la statistique et des études
économiques. Retrieved 31 December 2016.
Figure taken by combining the legal population
of the administrative region of Brittany with the
legal population of the Loire-Atlantique
Department in 2013.
86. ^ "Bru, Eastern" . Ethnologue. Retrieved 8
February 2019. "Bru, Western" . Ethnologue.
Retrieved 23 February 2019. Figure taken by
combining the total users of Eastern Bru and
Western Bru in all countries.
87. ^ "Budu in Congo, Democratic Republic
of" . Joshua Project. Retrieved 30 December
2018.
88. ^ "Buduma" . Joshua Project. Retrieved 22
February 2019.
89. ^ a b Danver, Steven L. (10 March 2015).
Native Peoples of the World . google.bg .
ISBN 9781317464006 .
90. ^ "Burushaski" . Ethnologue. Retrieved 15
December 2018.
91. ^ "Bwa People" . Art and Life in Africa
Online . University of Iowa. 3 November 1998.
Archived from the original on 22 July 2008.
Retrieved 22 July 2008.
92. ^ a b "The Native Hawaiian and Other
Pacific Islander Population: 2010" (PDF).
census.gov . US Census Bureau. Retrieved 11
August 2017. American population only.
93. ^ "Cham, Western" . Ethnologue. Retrieved
22 October 2017. Both figures taken by
combining the ethnic population of Cambodia
with the Vietnamese population, the former using
the 2009 census and the latter using the Bradley
estimate. (Both sources include speakers of
Eastern Cham).
94. ^ "Chechnya 'has no troops in Ukraine' " .
BBC News . 28 May 2014. Retrieved 17 October
2018 – via www.bbc.com.
95. ^ "The Zomi Population"
96. ^ "Chowke" . Encyclopædia Britannica.
Retrieved 24 November 2018.
97. ^ "Why China's Communists recognise just
56 ethnic groups" . The Economist . 13 July
2017. Retrieved 14 July 2017.
98. ^ "Chutias to shun Cong" .
www.telegraphindia.com . Retrieved 23 November
2018.
99. ^ "Chuukese" . Ethnologue. Retrieved 24
November 2018. Total Chuukese users in all
countries.
100. ^ "Circassian" . Encyclopædia Britannica.
Retrieved 8 March 2019. 165,000 Adyghians,
345,000 Kabardians, 150,000 in Turkey, and
35,000 in Syria.
101. ^ "Chakma" . Encyclopædia Britannica .
Retrieved 8 March 2019.
102. ^ "Chichewa" . Ethnologue . Retrieved 30
December 2018. Total Chichewa users in all
countries.
103. ^ "Coloured in South Africa" . Joshua
Project. Retrieved 28 March 2019. "Baster,
Rehobother in Namibia" . Joshua Project .
Retrieved 28 March 2019. Figure taken by
combining both sources.
104. ^ "The Cornish Transnational Communities
Project" . University of Exeter. Archived from
the original on 20 January 2011.
105. ^ "Corsican" . Ethnologue. Retrieved 14
January 2019. Ethnic population.
106. ^ a b "Aboriginal Population Profile, 2016
Census" . www12.statcan.gc.ca . Statistics
Canada . Retrieved 23 November 2017. Canadian
population only. Figure taken using total
population of Aboriginal ancestry responses.
107. ^ "Croatian" . Ethnologue . Retrieved 28
March 2019. Total first-language Croatian users
in all countries.
108. ^ "Cuyonon" . Ethnologue . Retrieved 2
February 2019.
109. ^ "Tab. 6.2 Obyvatelstvo podle národnosti
podle krajů: výsledky podle trvalého
bydliště" [Tab. 6.2 Population by nationality by
regions: results for permanent residence] (PDF).
Czech Statistical Office (CZSO) (in Czech). 2011.
Archived from the original (PDF) on 16
January 2013. Includes only those residing in the
Czech Republic.
110. ^ "Dagara, Northern" . Ethnologue.
Retrieved 7 January 2019. "Dagaare,
Southern" . Ethnologue . Retrieved 7 January
2019. Figure taken by combining both sources.
111. ^ "Dagbani" . Ethnologue . Retrieved 9
December 2018.
112. ^ a b "Namibia" . The World Factbook .
Central Intelligence Agency. Namibian population
only. Figure taken using the percentages listed
with the total populations.
113. ^ "Danish" . Ethnologue . Retrieved 28
March 2019.
114. ^ "Dinka" . Encyclopædia Britannica.
Retrieved 8 March 2019.
115. ^ a b c John A. Shoup III (2011). Ethnic
Groups of Africa and the Middle East: An
Encyclopedia: An Encyclopedia . ABC-CLIO.
ISBN 978-1-59884-363-7 .
116. ^ "Dongxiang" . Ethnologue . Retrieved 5
February 2019. Ethnic population.
117. ^ Autochtone population at 1 January 2006,
Central Statistics Bureau, Integratiekaart 2006' ,
(external link) Archived 16 June 2007 at
the Wayback Machine (in Dutch)
118. ^ "Jula" . Ethnologue. Retrieved 26
November 2018. Total first-language Dyula users
in all countries.
119. ^ "Ebira" . Ethnologue. Retrieved 4
January 2019.
120. ^ "edo" . Ethnologue. Retrieved 5
February 2019. Total Edo users in all countries.
121. ^ "Efik" . Joshua Project. Retrieved 22
November 2018.
122. ^ " ﻣﺼﺮ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻛﺰ ﺍﻟـ13 ﻋﺎﻟﻤﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺪﺍﺩ
ﺍﻟﺴﻜﺎﻧﻲ " . BBC News Arabic (in Arabic). 30
September 2017. Retrieved 1 September 2018.
123. ^ "Ejagham" . Joshua Project. Retrieved 6
January 2019.
124. ^ "Emberá, Northern" . Ethnologue .
Retrieved 31 January 2019. Figure taken by
combining the ethnic population of Colombia
(which includes speakers of Southern Emberá)
with the Panamanian population.
125. ^ "Ethnicity and National Identity in England
and Wales: 2011" . Office for National
Statistics . Retrieved 13 December 2018.
"American FactFinder - Results" . United States
Census Bureau . Retrieved 21 August 2017.
"Reflecting a Nation: Stories from the 2011
Census, 2012–2013" . Australian Bureau of
Statistics . Retrieved 13 December 2018. "Data
tables, 2016 Census" . Statistics Canada .
Retrieved 13 December 2018. "2013 Census
ethnic group profiles" . Statistics New Zealand .
Retrieved 13 December 2018. The following
"ethnic origins/ancestry" was used to add up this
figure: English, British, American, Australian,
Canadian, New Zealander, and New Zealand
European. Not including other colonial
descendant populations.
126. ^ Rolle, Nicholas. [1] , University of
California in Berkeley , Berkeley, October 17,
2012. Retrieved on 1 November 2014.
Population of Esanland.
127. ^ "Estonian" . Ethnologue . Retrieved 26
November 2018. Population total of all
languages of the Estonian macrolanguage.
128. ^ a b Minahan, James (2002a).
Encyclopedia of the Stateless Nations . II (D–
K). Greenwood.
129. ^ Fiji Islands Bureau of Statistics
Archived 9 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine
130. ^ "Finnish" . Ethnologue . Retrieved 3
March 2019. Total first-language Finnish users
in all countries.
131. ^ "Dutch" . Ethnologue. Retrieved 9 March
2019. Belgian population.
132. ^ "Fon" . Encyclopædia Britannica.
Retrieved 8 March 2019.
133. ^ "French" . Ethnologue . Retrieved 15
December 2018. Total first-language French
users in all countries, including Walloons and
minorities residing in France.
134. ^ "Frisian" . Ethnologue . Retrieved 9
March 2019. "Frisian, Northern" . Ethnologue .
Retrieved 9 March 2019. Figure taken by
combining the total West Frisian users in all
countries with the Northern Frisian ethnic
population.
135. ^ http://www.arlef.it/en/friulian-language/
sociolinguistic-condition/5#/sociolinguistic-
condition - Study made by Arlef, Association
of Region for the Friulian Language. Number of
Friuilian speakers.
136. ^ Felicity Crowe (2010). Modern Muslim
Societies . Marshall Cavendish. p. 262.
ISBN 978-0-7614-7927-7 .
137. ^ "A Closer Look: Sudan, The Peoples of
Darfur" . Cultural Survival. Cultural Survival. 7
May 2010. Retrieved 4 August 2012.
138. ^ "Ga" . Joshua Project. Retrieved 30
January 2013. "Dangme" . Joshua Project .
Retrieved 30 January 2013. Figure taken by
combining both sources.
139. ^ "Uganda" . The World Factbook . Central
Intelligence Agency . Ugandan population only.
Figure taken using the percentages listed with
the total populations.
140. ^ "Black Carib" . Joshua Project.
Retrieved 9 January 2019.
141. ^ Aris Ananta; Evi Nurvidya Arifin; M Sairi
Hasbullah; Nur Budi Handayani; Agus Pramono
(2015). Demography of Indonesia's Ethnicity.
Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. p. 120.
ISBN 981-4519-87-1 .
142. ^ "Gbagyi" . Ethnologue. Retrieved 7
January 2019. "Gbari" . Ethnologue. Retrieved 7
January 2019. Figure taken by combining both
sources.
143. ^ a b c Olson, James Stuart (1996). The
Peoples of Africa: An Ethnohistorical
Dictionary . Greenwood Publishing Group.
ISBN 978-0-313-27918-8 .
144. ^ "The Gelo ethnic minority" . China
Internet Information Center. Retrieved 25 January
2019. Chinese population only.
145. ^ "Georgian" . Ethnologue. Retrieved 30
January 2019. Figure taken by combining the
ethnic populations of Georgia and Turkey.
146. ^ Jeffrey Cole (2011). Ethnic Groups of
Europe: An Encyclopedia . ABC-CLIO. p. 171.
ISBN 9781598843026 . "Estimates of the total
number of Germans in the world range from 100
million to 150 million, depending on how
German is defined..."
147. ^ "Gola" . Ethnologue. Retrieved 4
January 2019. Total Gola users in all countries.
148. ^ Clogg, Richard (2013) [1992]. A Concise
History of Greece . Cambridge and New York:
Cambridge University Press.
ISBN 978-1-107-65644-4 .
149. ^ "Ghana" . The World Factbook . Central
Intelligence Agency . Ghanaian population only.
Figure taken using the percentage listed with the
total population.
150. ^ "Guaraní" . Encyclopædia Britannica.
Retrieved 8 March 2019.
151. ^ "Gourmanchéma" . Ethnologue .
Retrieved 5 February 2019.
152. ^ "Burkina Faso" . The World Factbook .
Central Intelligence Agency. "Ghana" . The
World Factbook . Central Intelligence Agency .
Figure taken using the percentages listed with
the total populations. Gurunsi residing outside
these countries not included.
153. ^ a b James B. Minahan (2014). Ethnic
Groups of North, East, and Central Asia: An
Encyclopedia . ABC-CLIO.
ISBN 9781610690188 .
154. ^ "The Hani ethnic minority" . China
Internet Information Center. Retrieved 16
December 2018. Chinese population only.
155. ^ Lovise, Alean (22 June 2011). The
Politics of Ethnicity in Ethiopia . BRILL. p. 154.
ISBN 978-9004207295 . Retrieved 23 February
2017.
156. ^ "Hausa" . Ethnologue . Retrieved 16
December 2018. Total first-language Hausa
users in all countries.
157. ^ Lemoine, Jacques (2005). "What is the
actual number of (H)mong in the
world?" (PDF). Hmong Studies Journal. 6.
158. ^ "The Hui ethnic minority" . China
Internet Information Center. Retrieved 25 January
2019. Chinese population only.
159. ^ "Papua New Guinea National Population
and Housing Census 2011: Final figures", Port
Moresby PNG National Statistical Office 2014
160. ^ "Hungarian" . Ethnologue . Retrieved 17
December 2018. Total Hungarian users in all
countries.
161. ^ "Hutu" . Encyclopædia Britannica.
Retrieved 8 March 2019.
162. ^ "Iban" . Ethnologue. Retrieved 18
February 2019. Total first-language Iban users in
all countries.
163. ^ "Ibanag" . Ethnologue . Retrieved 2
March 2019.
164. ^ "Nigeria" . The World Factbook . Central
Intelligence Agency . Nigerian population only.
Figure taken using the percentage listed with the
total population.
165. ^ "Icelander" . Joshua Project. Retrieved
27 February 2017.
166. ^ "Language: Idoma" . Joshua Project.
Retrieved 14 February 2019. Population of
groups speaking Idoma.
167. ^ "Igbo" . Encyclopædia Britannica .
Retrieved 8 March 2019.
168. ^ "Igede in Nigeria" . Joshua Project.
Retrieved 14 February 2019.
169. ^ "Igorot" . Encyclopædia Britannica .
Retrieved 2 February 2019.
170. ^ "Ilocano" . Encyclopædia Britannica .
Retrieved 8 March 2019.
171. ^ "Greenland" . The World Factbook .
Central Intelligence Agency. "Inuit population by
residence inside or outside Inuit Nunangat,
2016" . Statistics Canada . Retrieved 12
November 2017. Figure taken by combining both
sources. Inuit residing outside these countries
not included.
172. ^ "Iranun in Philippines" . Joshua Project.
Retrieved 2 March 2019.
173. ^ a b ceu@scotland.gsi.gov.uk, Scottish
Government, St. Andrew's House, Regent Road,
Edinburgh EH1 3DG Tel:0131 556 8400 (29
May 2009). "The Scottish Diaspora and Diaspora
Strategy: Insights and Lessons from Ireland" .
www.scotland.gov.uk . Retrieved 22 October
2017.
174. ^ a b "The American Indian and Alaska
Native Population: 2010" (PDF). census.gov .
Retrieved 7 March 2017. "Aboriginal Population
Profile, 2016 Census" . www12.statcan.gc.ca .
Statistics Canada . Retrieved 23 November 2017.
Figure taken by combining the American Indian
and Alaska Native tribal grouping alone from
Table 7 or in any combination from the American
Census with the total population of Aboriginal
ancestry responses in the Canadian census. The
American Census lists the Ojibwe as Chippewa.
The Canadian Census spells the Ojibwe as
Ojibwa and splits the Iroquois into four groups:
Mohawk, Oneida, Cayuga, and Iroquois.
175. ^ a b c Hattaway, Paul (ed.) (2004).
Peoples of the Buddhist World. William Carey
Library.
176. ^ "Isoko in Nigeria" . Joshua Project.
Retrieved 14 February 2019.
177. ^ "Eurobarometer – Europeans and their
languages" (PDF)., February 2006. Number of
native Italian speakers.
178. ^ "Rapporto Italiani nel Mondo
2010" (PDF). Fondazione Migrantes (in Italian).
December 2010. Retrieved 22 November 2018.
Includes citizens of Brazil and the United States
who identify as being of partial Italian ancestry.
179. ^ "Itawit, Tawit in Philippines" . Joshua
Project. Retrieved 2 March 2019.
180. ^ "Japanese" . Ethnologue . Retrieved 17
December 2018. Total first-language Japanese
users in all countries.
181. ^ Dashefsky, Arnold ; DellaPergola, Sergio ;
Sheskin, Ira, eds. (2017). World Jewish
Population, 2016 (PDF) (Report). Berman
Jewish DataBank. Retrieved 12 June 2017.
Population with Jewish parents (including
converts to Judaism, descendants of converts to
Judaism, non-observant Jews and those with
only Jewish fathers).
182. ^ "Jingpho" . Ethnologue. Retrieved 28
December 2018. Figure taken by combining the
Burmese population with the ethnic population of
China.
183. ^ Klein, Martin A. "Shrines of the Slave
Trade: Diola Religion and Society in Precolonial
Senegambia." The Journal of Interdisciplinary
History 31.2 (Autumn 2000): 315. Accessed
through Gale (Cengage) , 6 Aug. 2009
184. ^ "Wapan" . Ethnologue. Retrieved 7 April
2019. Wapan population.
185. ^ Saw Swee-Hock (2015). The Population
of Malaysia (Second Edition) . Institute of
Southeast Asian Studies. ISBN 98-146-2036-X .
186. ^ "Language" . Kalanga. Kalanga
Language and Cultural Development Association
(KLCDA). Retrieved 18 September 2018. Taken
by combining the Zimbabwean and the
Botswanan populations.
187. ^ a b c d e f g "2009 Census" . Archived
from the original on 21 November 2013.
Retrieved 16 December 2013. Kenyan population
only.
188. ^ "Population Structure and Trends" .
Institute de la Statistique et des études
économiques Nouvelle-Calédonie (in French).
Institute de la Statistique et des études
économiques Nouvelle-Calédonie. Retrieved 3
July 2017.
189. ^ "Kanuri" . Ethnologue . Retrieved 28
November 2018. "Kanembu" . Ethnologue.
Retrieved 22 February 2019. Figure taken by
combining the population total of all languages
of the Kanuri macrolanguage with the Kanembu
population.
190. ^ "Kapampangan" . Encyclopædia
Britannica . Retrieved 8 March 2019.
191. ^ "Kapsiki" . Joshua Project. Retrieved 22
February 2019.
192. ^ "Karakalpak" . Ethnologue . Retrieved 28
November 2018. Ethnic population.
193. ^ "Karen people" . Archived from the
original on 24 May 2015. Karen population.
194. ^ "The Institute for European Studies,
Ethnological institute of UW" (PDF). Retrieved
16 August 2012.
195. ^ "Polen-Analysen. Die
Kaschuben" (PDF). Länder-Analysen (in
German). Polen NR. 95: 10–13. September
2011. Polish population only.
196. ^ "Kazakhstan's population tops 18
million" . 31 March 2018.
197. ^ "Pahāṛī" . Encyclopædia Britannica .
Retrieved 8 March 2019.
198. ^ "TURKIC LANGUAGES OF PERSIA: AN
OVERVIEW" . Encyclopædia Iranica. Retrieved
20 August 2018.
199. ^ "Nya Huba" . Ethnologue . Retrieved 21
February 2019.
200. ^ "Yakthumba" . Joshua Project.
Retrieved 27 January 2019. "Sunuwar" . Joshua
Project. Retrieved 27 January 2019. "Yakha" .
Joshua Project. Retrieved 27 January 2019.
"Rai" . Joshua Project. Retrieved 27 January
2019. Figure taken by combining all sources.
201. ^ "Kisi" . Encyclopædia Britannica.
Retrieved 8 March 2019.
202. ^ "Kofyar" . Joshua Project. Retrieved 21
February 2019.
203. ^ "Kongo" . Encyclopædia Britannica.
Retrieved 8 March 2019.
204. ^ "Korean" . Ethnologue. Retrieved 19
December 2018. Total Korean users in all
countries.
205. ^ "Kpelle" . Ethnologue . Retrieved 25
December 2018. Population total of all
languages of the Kpelle macrolanguage.
206. ^ "Ikposo" . Ethnologue. Retrieved 12
March 2019. Total Kposo users in all countries.
207. ^ "Liberia" . The World Factbook . Central
Intelligence Agency . "Cote D'Ivoire" . The World
Factbook . Central Intelligence Agency. Figure
taken using the percentage listed with the total
population, including Grebo, Krahn, and Sapo.
Kru residing outside these countries not
included.
208. ^ The Kurdish Population. Current
Estimate.
209. ^ "The Kuteb People" . Geoffrey G. Gania.
2005. Retrieved 12 August 2017.
210. ^ "Kyrgyz" . Ethnologue. Retrieved 24
November 2018. Figure taken by combining the
ethnic populations of Kyrgyzstan, China, and
Tajikistan.
211. ^ "Lamaholot" . Joshua Project. Retrieved
4 March 2019.
212. ^ "Latvian" . Ethnologue. Retrieved 4
January 2019. Population total of all languages
of the Latvia macrolanguage .
213. ^ Bülent Günal (20 December 2011). "67
milletten insanımız var!" (in Turkish). Retrieved
31 January 2015. Largest estimate of the Laz
population in Turkey.
214. ^ "Arab, Lebanese" . Joshua Project .
Retrieved 9 February 2019.
215. ^ "Lega Information" . University of Iowa.
3 November 1998. Archived from the original
on 11 January 2012. Retrieved 18 December
2011.
216. ^ "Lezgins" . Ethnologue . Retrieved 17
January 2019. Figure taken by combining the
ethnic populations of Russia and Azerbaijan.
217. ^ "The Li ethnic minority" . China Internet
Information Center. Retrieved 20 December 2018.
Chinese population only.
218. ^ "Sierra Leone" . The World Factbook .
Central Intelligence Agency. Sierra Leonean
population only. Figure taken using the
percentages listed with the total populations.
219. ^ "Lisu" . Encyclopædia Britannica .
Retrieved 8 March 2019.
220. ^ "Lietuviai Pasaulyje" (PDF). Lietuvos
statistikos departamentas. Retrieved 5 May
2015.
221. ^ Lietuviai Lietuvoje ir užsienyje: kur ir kiek
mūsų yra Archived 2015-07-29 at the
Wayback Machine
222. ^ "LORI LANGUAGE ii. Sociolinguistic
Status – Encyclopaedia Iranica" . Encyclopædia
Iranica. Retrieved 20 August 2018. "In 2003, the
Lori-speaking population in Iran was estimated
at 4.2 million speakers, or about 6 percent of
the national figure (Anonby, 2003b, p. 173).
Given the nationwide growth in population since
then, the number of Lori speakers in 2012 is
likely closer to 5 million."
223. ^ "Luxembourgish" . Ethnologue.
Retrieved 24 November 2018. Total first-
language Luxembourgish users in all countries.
224. ^ "Maasai" . Ethnologue . Retrieved 13
January 2019. Total Maasai users in all
countries.
225. ^ Nasevski, Boško; Angelova, Dora.
Gerovska, Dragica (1995). Македонски
Иселенички Алманах '95 . Skopje: Матица на
Иселениците на Македонија. pp. 52–53.
226. ^ "Mafa" . Ethnologue. Retrieved 21
February 2019. Total Mafa users in all countries.
227. ^ "Magar" . Encyclopædia Britannica .
Retrieved 8 March 2019.
228. ^ "Maguindanao" . Encyclopædia
Britannica . Retrieved 8 March 2019.
229. ^ "Kirti Azad demands a separate Mithila
state" . m.indiatoday.in. Retrieved 14 February
2017.
230. ^ John Ndembwike (October 2009).
Tanzania: Profile of a Nation . Intercontinental
Books. p. 149. ISBN 978-9987-9308-1-4 .
231. ^ Andrew Dalby (1998). Dictionary of
Languages: The Definitive Reference to More
Than 400 Languages . Columbia University
Press. pp. 386–387. ISBN 978-0-231-11568-1 .
232. ^ "Malay" . Ethnologue. Retrieved 12
December 2018. Population total of all
languages of the Malay macrolanguage.
233. ^ "Maldivian" . Ethnologue. Retrieved 21
December 2018. Total Maldivian users in all
countries
234. ^ "Maltese" . Ethnologue. Retrieved 21
December 2018. Total Maltese users in all
countries.
235. ^ "Mambila, Nigeria" . Ethnologue.
Retrieved 14 February 2019. "Mambila,
Cameroon" . Ethnologue . Retrieved 14 February
2019. Figure taken by combining both sources.
236. ^ 《中国2010年人口普查资料（上中下》
[ Data of 2010 China Population Census]. China
Statistics Press. 2012. ISBN 9787503765070 .
237. ^ "Mandar" . Ethnologue. Retrieved 17
February 2019.
238. ^ Godfrey Mwakikagile (2010). The Gambia
and Its People: Ethnic Identities and Cultural
Integration in Africa . New Africa Press. p. 49.
ISBN 978-9987-16-023-5 .
239. ^ "Manggarai in Indonesia" . Joshua
Project. Retrieved 4 March 2019.
240. ^ "Mandjak" . Ethnologue . Retrieved 10
February 2019. Total Manjak users in all
countries.
241. ^ "Mapuche" . Encyclopædia Britannica .
Retrieved 8 March 2019.
242. ^ "Maranao" . Encyclopædia Britannica .
Retrieved 8 March 2019.
243. ^ "Masa" . Joshua Project. Retrieved 31
July 2014.
244. ^ "Masalit" . Ethnologue. Retrieved 22
September 2016. Total Masalit users in all
countries.
245. ^ Lorenzo Ochoa; Patricia Martel(dir.)
(2002). Lengua y cultura mayas (in Spanish).
UNAM. p. 170. ISBN 9703200893. " El "Pueblo
Maya" lo constituyen actualmente algo menos de
6 millones de hablantes de 25 idiomas"
246. ^ a b c d e f g h i México: Lenguas
indígenas nacionales. Mexican population only.
Number of indigenous language speakers.
Figure taken using the 2010 figures of Table 1.
247. ^ "Mehri" . Ethnologue. Retrieved 9
February 2019. "Soqotri" . Ethnologue.
Retrieved 9 February 2019. Figure taken by
combining the total Mehri users in all countries
with the Soqotri population.
248. ^ Jay Heale; Zawiah Abdul Latif (2008).
Madagascar . Marshall Cavendish. p. 64.
ISBN 978-0-7614-3036-0 .
249. ^ "The Yao ethnic minority" . China
Internet Information Center. Retrieved 16
December 2018. Chinese population only.
250. ^ Robles, Frances (16 October 2016).
"Nicaragua Dispute Over Indigenous Land Erupts
in Wave of Killings" . The New York Times .
ISSN 0362-4331 . Retrieved 22 March 2017.
251. ^ a b "Burma" . The World Factbook .
Central Intelligence Agency. Myanmarese
population only. Figure taken using the
percentages listed with the total populations.
252. ^ "Mongo" . Encyclopedia.com . Retrieved
11 April 2017. Number of speakers of all Mongo
languages . Source dates backs to 1977;
population most likely grown since then.
253. ^ "Mongolian" . Ethnologue. Retrieved 22
December 2018. "Daur" . Ethnologue . Retrieved
5 February 2019. "Buriat" . Ethnologue .
Retrieved 5 February 2019. "Kalmyk-Oirat" .
Ethnologue . Retrieved 5 February 2019.
"Bonan" . Ethnologue. Retrieved 5 February
2019. "Tu" . Ethnologue. Retrieved 5 February
2019. Figure taken by combining the total users
of the Mongolian macrolanguage , the Buryat
macrolanguage, and Oirat with the ethnic
populations of Dagur, Bonan, and Monguor.
254. ^ "Mongondow" . Ethnologue. Retrieved 5
December 2018.
255. ^ "Mossi" . Encyclopædia Britannica .
Retrieved 8 March 2019.
256. ^ "Mumuye" . Ethnologue . Retrieved 9
February 2019.
257. ^ "2010 Population and Housing Census of
Malaysia" (PDF) (in Malay and English).
Department of Statistics, Malaysia. Archived
from the original (PDF) on 11 October 2012.
Retrieved 17 June 2012.
258. ^ "Musgu" . Ethnologue. Retrieved 21
February 2019. Total Musgu users in all
countries.
259. ^ "Mwera" . Ethnologue . Retrieved 12
February 2019.
260. ^ "Newar" . Encyclopædia Britannica .
Retrieved 8 March 2019.
261. ^ "Ngaju" . Ethnologue. Retrieved 12
December 2018. "Bakumpai" . Ethnologue .
Retrieved 12 February 2019. Figure taken by
combining both sources.
262. ^ "Bhutan" . The World Factbook . Central
Intelligence Agency . Bhutanese population only.
Figure taken using the percentage listed with the
total population.
263. ^ Ngbandi Art
264. ^ "Bakumpai" . Ethnologue . Retrieved 25
February 2019. Total Norwegian users in all
countries.
265. ^ "People Cluster: Nubian" . Joshua
Project. Retrieved 22 December 2018. Includes
some non-Nubian Nuba peoples .
266. ^ "Afghanistan - Nuristani" .
countrystudies.us .
267. ^ " World Directory of Minorities and
Indigenous People " . Archived from the
original on 29 April 2009. Total number of
people with some knowledge of Occitan.
268. ^ "Khana" . Ethnologue. Retrieved 17
February 2019. "Baan" . Ethnologue . Retrieved
17 February 2019. "Eleme" . Ethnologue .
Retrieved 17 February 2019. "Gokana" .
Ethnologue . Retrieved 17 February 2019.
"Tee" . Ethnologue. Retrieved 17 February
2019. Figure taken by combining the Tẹẹ ethnic
population with the other four sources.
269. ^ "Ossetic" . Ethnologue. Retrieved 19
February 2019. Figure taken by combining the
ethnic population of Russia with the Georgian,
Syrian, and Turkish populations.
270. ^ "Dayak, Dohoi Ot Danum in Indonesia" .
Joshua Project. Retrieved 4 January 2019.
"Dayak, Lawangan in Indonesia" . Joshua
Project. Retrieved 11 February 2019. "Dayak,
Maanyak in Indonesia" . Joshua Project.
Retrieved 11 February 2019. Figure taken by
combining all sources.
271. ^ "Ovimbundu" . Encyclopædia Britannica.
Retrieved 8 March 2019.
272. ^ "Pa-O" . Joshua Project. Retrieved 6
February 2019.
273. ^ 'Palestinian population to exceed Jewish
population by 2020,' Ma'an News Agency 1
January 2016.
274. ^ "Pangasinan" . Encyclopædia Britannica .
Retrieved 8 March 2019.
275. ^ "Guinea-Bissau" . The World Factbook .
Central Intelligence Agency. Bissau-Guinean
population only. Figure taken using the
percentage listed with the total population.
276. ^ "Pare, Asu in Tanzania" . Joshua
Project. Retrieved 27 January 2019.
277. ^ "Pashai, Southeast" . Ethnologue .
Retrieved 15 January 2019. Ethnic population;
includes other Pashayi speakers.
278. ^ "Pashto, Northern" . Ethnologue.
Retrieved 23 December 2018. Possible ethnic
population; includes Southern and Central Pashto
speakers.
279. ^ "Pedi" . Encyclopædia Britannica .
Retrieved 28 March 2019.
280. ^ "Pende" . Art & Life in Africa. University
of Iowa. Retrieved 29 October 2016.
281. ^ "Persian, Iranian" . Ethnologue.
Retrieved 11 December 2018. Total Iranian
Persian users in all countries.
282. ^ "Polmap. Rozmieszczenie ludności
pochodzenia polskiego (w mln)" Archived
2017-08-15 at the Wayback Machine
283. ^ "Portuguese" . Ethnologue. Retrieved 23
December 2018. Total first-language Portuguese
users in all countries.
284. ^ "Punjabi, Eastern" . Ethnologue.
Retrieved 23 December 2018. "Punjabi,
Western" . Ethnologue. Retrieved 23 December
2018. Figure taken by combining total users of
Punjabi, Eastern and Punjabi, Western in all
countries.
285. ^ "Kashkay" . Ethnologue. Retrieved 10
February 2019. Ethnic population.
286. ^ "The Qiang ethnic minority" . China
Internet Information Center. Retrieved 25 February
2019. Chinese population only.
287. ^ "Quechua" . Ethnologue . Retrieved 23
December 2018. Population total of all
languages of the Quechua macrolanguage.
288. ^ "Rangpuri" . Ethnologue. Retrieved 12
February 2019. Total first-language Rangpuri
users in all countries.
289. ^ "Arakanese" . Encyclopædia Britannica.
Retrieved 8 March 2019.
290. ^ Wurm, Stephen A. and Shiro Hattori ,
(eds.) (1981) Language Atlas of the Pacific Area
Australian Academy of the Humanities in
collaboration with the Japan Academy, Canberra,
ISBN 0-85883-239-9
291. ^ David Mathieson (2009). Perilous Plight:
Burma's Rohingya Take to the Seas. Human
Rights Watch . p. 3. ISBN 9781564324856 .
292. ^ "EU demands action to tackle Roma
poverty" . BBC News . 5 April 2011. Does not
include those residing outside of Europe.
293. ^ "Romanian" . Ethnologue . Retrieved 13
November 2014. Total Romanian users in all
countries.
294. ^ "журнал "Демоскоп Weekly" № 571 -
572 14 - 31 октября 2013. А. Арефьев. Тема
номера: сжимающееся русскоязычие.
Демографические изменения - не на пользу
русскому языку" .
295. ^ Shimoji, Michinori; Pellard, Thomas, eds.
(2010). An Introduction to Ryukyuan languages
(PDF). Tokyo: ILCAA. p. 2.
ISBN 9784863370722 . Retrieved 10 June 2018.
Total population of the Ryukyu Islands.
296. ^ Paul Magocsi (1995). "The Rusyn
Question" . Political Thought . 2–3 (6). Estimate
of people with Rusyn ancestry.
297. ^ "Saho" . Encyclopædia Britannica .
Retrieved 8 March 2019.
298. ^ "Saharawi" . Joshua Project . Retrieved 9
February 2019. "Moor" . Joshua Project.
Retrieved 9 February 2019. Figure taken by
combining both sources.
299. ^ "Salar" . Ethnologue. Retrieved 26
February 2019. Ethnic population.
300. ^ "Sama" . Encyclopædia Britannica.
Retrieved 8 March 2019.
301. ^ "Zambales: Dependency Ratio Down by
Five Persons (Results from the 200…" . 19
June 2013. Archived from the original on 19
June 2013. Sambal population within Zambales.
302. ^ Sami people (14 December 2015). "Sami
in Sweden" . sweden.se .
303. ^ Indonesia's Population: Ethnicity and
Religion in a Changing Political Landscape .
ISEAS–Yusof Ishak Institute . 2003.
304. ^ "Chad" . The World Factbook . Central
Intelligence Agency . "Central African Republic" .
The World Factbook . Central Intelligence Agency.
Figure taken using the percentage listed with the
total population. Sara residing outside these
countries not included.
305. ^ "Sardinian" . Ethnologue . Retrieved 14
January 2019. Population total of all languages
of the Sardinian macrolanguage.
306. ^ "Hawu" . Ethnologue. Retrieved 19
January 2019.
307. ^ "Serbian" . Ethnologue. Retrieved 23
March 2019. Total Serbian users in all countries.
308. ^ "Serer" . Encyclopædia Britannica .
Retrieved 8 March 2019.
309. ^ "Sharchop" . Joshua Project. Retrieved
17 February 2019.
310. ^ "Sherbro, Southern Bullom in Sierra
Leone" . Joshua Project. Retrieved 10 February
2019.
311. ^ "Shilluk" . Joshua Project. Retrieved 25
January 2019.
312. ^ "Shona" . Ethnologue. Retrieved 25
December 2018. Total first-language Shona
users in all countries.
313. ^ "Xibe" . Ethnologue . Retrieved 1 January
2019. Ethnic population.
314. ^ "Sikanese" . Encyclopædia Britannica .
Retrieved 8 March 2019.
315. ^ "Sindhi" . Ethnologue. Retrieved 31
March 2019. Ethnic population.
316. ^ "Sinhalese" . Encyclopædia Britannica .
Retrieved 8 March 2019.
317. ^ "Ako žijú Slováci za hranicami?
Slovensko mám rád, ale mojím domovom už nie
je" [How do Slovaks live abroad? I like
Slovakia but it is no longer my home.]. Sme.sk .
Retrieved 2 August 2017.
318. ^ "Somali" . Ethnologue. Retrieved 24
December 2018. Total first-language Somali
users in all countries.
319. ^ "Mali" . The World Factbook . Central
Intelligence Agency . "Niger" . The World
Factbook . Central Intelligence Agency. Figure
taken using the percentage listed with the total
population. Songhai residing outside these
countries not included.
320. ^ "Soninke" . Ethnologue. Retrieved 24
December 2018. Total Soninke users in all
countries.
321. ^ "Sotho, Southern" . Ethnologue.
Retrieved 1 December 2018. Total first-language
Southern Sotho users in all countries.
322. ^ "Spanish" . Ethnologue. Retrieved 16
December 2018. Total first-language Spanish
users in all countries.
323. ^ "The Shui ethnic minority" . China
Internet Information Center. Retrieved 25 February
2019. Chinese population only.
324. ^ "Sumba in Indonesia" . Joshua Project.
Retrieved 19 January 2019. Includes only
speakers of the Kambera language .
325. ^ "Sukuma" . Joshua Project . Retrieved
23 March 2019.
326. ^ "Sumbawa in Indonesia" . Joshua
Project. Retrieved 11 February 2019..
327. ^ "Guinea" . The World Factbook . Central
Intelligence Agency . Guinean population only.
Figure taken using the percentages listed with
the total populations.
328. ^ "Swahili facts, information, pictures -
Encyclopedia.com articles about Swahili" .
Encyclopedia.com . Retrieved 11 April 2017.
329. ^ "Swazi" . Encyclopædia Britannica .
Retrieved 8 March 2019.
330. ^ "Befolkningsstatistik i sammandrag
1960-2015" . Web.archive.org . 27 March 2016.
Archived from the original on 27 March 2016.
Retrieved 20 August 2017. Swedish population
only. Figure taken by subtracting the population
with a foreign background with the total
population.
331. ^ "Sylheti" . Ethnologue. Retrieved 6
December 2018. Total first-language Sylheti
users in all countries.
332. ^ "Tagalog" . Encyclopædia Britannica .
Retrieved 8 March 2019.
333. ^ "Tajik" . Encyclopædia Britannica .
Retrieved 8 March 2019. 5.2 million in
Tajikistan, 1 million in Uzbekistan, and 5 million
in Afghanistan.
334. ^ "Talysh" . Ethnologue. Retrieved 24
December 2018. Total Talysh users in all
countries.
335. ^ "Tamil" . Encyclopædia Britannica.
Retrieved 8 March 2019.
336. ^ "Han Chinese, Dan in China" . Joshua
Project. Retrieved 23 February 2019.
337. ^ "Tarok" . Ethnologue. Retrieved 14
February 2019.
338. ^ "Tatar" . Encyclopædia Britannica .
Retrieved 8 March 2019.
339. ^ "Tausug" . Encyclopædia Britannica .
Retrieved 8 March 2019. 900,000 in Philippines
and 200,000 in Malaysia.
340. ^ http://lifestyle.inquirer.net/210932/the-
tboli-a-story-of-massive-land-grabbing-through-
the-centuries/
341. ^ "Temne" . Encyclopædia Britannica .
Retrieved 8 March 2019.
342. ^ "Thai" . Ethnologue. Retrieved 20
December 2018. "Thai, Northern" . Ethnologue.
Retrieved 20 December 2018. "Thai, Southern" .
Ethnologue . Retrieved 20 December 2018. Figure
taken by combining the total number of first-
language Thai speakers in all countries with the
other two populations.
343. ^ "The Tibetan ethnic minority" . China
Internet Information Center. Retrieved 16
December 2018. Chinese population only.
344. ^ Tournadre, Nicolas (2014). "The Tibetic
languages and their classification". In Owen-
Smith, Thomas; Hill, Nathan W. (eds.). Trans-
Himalayan Linguistics: Historical and Descriptive
Linguistics of the Himalayan Area. De Gruyter.
pp. 103–129. ISBN 978-3-11-031074-0 .
( preprint )
345. ^ "Tigrigna" . Ethnologue . Retrieved 27
February 2019. Figure taken by combining the
ethnic population of Ethiopia with the Eritrean
population.
346. ^ "Eritrea" . The World Factbook . Central
Intelligence Agency . Eritrean population only.
Figure taken using the percentages listed with
the total populations.
347. ^ "Tiv" . Encyclopædia Britannica .
Retrieved 8 March 2019.
348. ^ "Tana Toraja official website" (in
Indonesian). Archived from the original on 29
May 2006. Retrieved 4 October 2006. Figure
taken by combining both local and diaspora
populations.
349. ^ "Tsonga" . Encyclopædia Britannica.
Retrieved 8 March 2019.
350. ^ "Tswana" . Encyclopædia Britannica .
Retrieved 8 March 2019.
351. ^ "The Tujia ethnic minority" . People's
Daily . Retrieved 23 March 2019.
352. ^ "Tupuri" . Ethnologue . Retrieved 9
February 2019. Total Tupuri users in all
countries.
353. ^ "Turkish" . Ethnologue . Retrieved 24
December 2018. Total first-language Turkish
users in all countries, including a large number
of minorities residing in Turkey.
354. ^ "Turkmen" . Encyclopædia Britannica .
Retrieved 8 March 2019.
355. ^ "Urhobo in Nigeria" . Joshua Project.
Retrieved 5 January 2019.
356. ^ Vic Satzewich (2003). The Ukrainian
Diaspora . Routledge. p. 19.
ISBN 978-1-134-43495-4 .
357. ^ "Uighur" . Encyclopædia Britannica .
Retrieved 8 March 2019. 10 million in China,
and 300,000 in Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, and
Kyrgyzstan.
358. ^ "Uzbek" . Encyclopædia Britannica .
Retrieved 8 March 2019. 16 million in
Uzbekistan, 2 million in Afghanistan, 1.38 million
in Tajikistan, and 570,000 in Kyrgyzstan.
359. ^ "Venda" . Ethnologue . Retrieved 1
December 2018. Total first-language Venda
users in all countries.
360. ^ "Visayan" . Encyclopædia Britannica .
Retrieved 8 March 2019. 16.5 million Cebuano,
6.54 million Hiligaynon, and 4.2 million Waray-
Waray.
361. ^ "Walloon" . Ethnologue . Retrieved 9
March 2019. "French" . Ethnologue. Retrieved
15 December 2018. Figure taken by combining
the Walloon population with the total first-
language French users in Belgium (this latter
number includes non-Walloon French speakers
residing in Brussels.
362. ^ "Waxianghua" . Ethnologue . Retrieved
26 February 2019.
363. ^ Richard Webber. "The Welsh diaspora :
Analysis of the geography of Welsh
names" (PDF). Welsh Assembly . Retrieved 26
June 2016.
364. ^ "Senegal" . The World Factbook . Central
Intelligence Agency . "Gambia, The" . The World
Factbook . Central Intelligence Agency. Figure
taken using the percentages listed with the total
populations. Wolof residing outside these
countries not included.
365. ^ "Xhosa" . Encyclopædia Britannica .
Retrieved 8 March 2019.
366. ^ "Yakan" . Encyclopædia Britannica .
Retrieved 8 March 2019.
367. ^ "Lokaa" . Ethnologue. Retrieved 14
February 2019.
368. ^ "Yao" . Ethnologue. Retrieved 25
December 2018. Total Yao users in all countries.
369. ^ "The Yi ethnic minority" . China Internet
Information Center. Retrieved 16 December 2018.
Chinese population only.
370. ^ "Yoruba" . Encyclopædia Britannica .
Retrieved 8 March 2019.
371. ^ "Chavacano" . Ethnologue. Retrieved 1
March 2019.
372. ^ "Zande" . Encyclopædia Britannica .
Retrieved 8 March 2019.
373. ^ "The Zhuang ethnic minority" . China
Internet Information Center. Retrieved 16
December 2018. Chinese population only.
374. ^ "Zulu" . Encyclopædia Britannica .
Retrieved 8 March 2019.
Levinson, David (1998). Ethnic Groups
Worldwide: A Ready Reference Handbook .
Greenwood Publishing Group.
ISBN 978-1-57356-019-1 .
Content is available under CC BY-SA 3.0
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