STUDENTS

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Taiwan schoolgirls during the time of Japanese
rule there, 1927.
A student is primarily a person enrolled in a
school or other educational institution who
attends classes in a course to attain the
appropriate level of mastery of a subject under
the guidance of an instructor and who devotes
time outside class to do whatever activities the
instructor assigns that are necessary either for
class preparation or to submit evidence of
progress towards that mastery. In the broader
sense, a student is anyone who applies
themselves to the intensive intellectual
engagement with some matter necessary to
master it as part of some practical affair in
which such mastery is basic or decisive.
In the United Kingdom and India, the term
"student" denotes those enrolled in secondary
schools and higher (e.g., college or university);
those enrolled in elementary schools are called
"pupils."
Students of different nationalities at an
international school in Shanghai , China, 2017.
The school does not have a school uniform.
Africa
Nigeria
In Nigeria, education is classified into four
system known as a 6-3-3-4 system of education.
It implies six years in primary school, three years
in junior secondary, three years in senior
secondary and four years in the university.
However, the number of years to be spent in
university is mostly determined by the course of
study. Some courses have longer study length
than others. Those in primary school are often
referred to as pupils. Those in university, as well
as those in secondary school, are being referred
to as students. [ citation needed ]
The Nigerian system of education also has other
recognized categories like the polytechnics and
colleges of education. The Polytechnic gives out
National Diploma and Higher National Diploma
certifications after a period of two years and/or
four years of study respectively.
Higher National Diploma (also known as HND)
can be obtained in a different institution from
where the National Diploma (also known as ND
or OND) was obtained. However, the HND
cannot be obtained without the OND certificate.
On the other hand, colleges of education give out
NCE (Nigerian Certificate in Education) after a
two year period of study.
South Africa
In South Africa, education is divided into four
bands: Foundation Phase (grades 1–3),
Intermediate Phase (grades 4–6), Senior Phase
(grades 7–9), and the Further Education and
Training or FET Phase (grades 10–12). However,
because this division is newer than most
schools in the country, in practice, learners
progress through three different types of school:
primary school (grades 1–3), junior school
(grades 4–7), and high school (grades 8–12).
After the FET phase, learners who pursue further
studies typically take three or four years to
obtain an undergraduate degree or one or two
years to achieve a vocational diploma or
certificate. The number of years spent in
university varies as different courses of study
take different numbers of years. Those in the
last year of high school (Grade 12) are referred
to as 'Matrics' or are in 'Matric' and take the
Grade 12 examinations accredited by the
Umalusi Council (the South African board of
education) in October and November of their
Matric year. Exam papers are set and
administered nationally through the National
Department of Basic Education for government
schools, while many (but not all) private school
Matrics sit for exams set by the Independent
Education Board (IEB), which operates with
semi-autonomy under the requirements of
Umalusi. (The assessment and learning
requirements of both IEB and National exams are
of roughly the same standard. The perceived
better performance of learners within the IEB
exams is largely attributable to their attending
private, better-resourced schools with the much
lower teacher: learner ratios and class sizes
rather than because of fundamental differences in
assessment or learning content). A school year
for the majority of schools in South Africa runs
from January to December, with holidays dividing
the year into terms. Most public or government
schools are 4-term schools and most private
schools are 3-term school, but the 3-term
government or public schools and 4-term private
schools are not rare.
Asia
Singapore
Six years of primary school education in
Singapore is compulsory. [1]
Primary School (Primary 1 to 6)
Secondary School ( Secondary 1 to 4 or 5)
Junior College (Junior College 1 to 2 -
Optional)
There are also schools which have the integrated
program, such as River Valley High School
(Singapore) , which means they stay in the same
school from Secondary 1 to Junior College 2,
without having to take the "O" level examinations
which most students take at the end of
Secondary school.
International Schools are subject to overseas
curriculums, such as the British, American,
Canadian or Australian Boards.
Bangladesh
Primary education is compulsory in Bangladesh.
It is a near crime to not to send children to
primary school when they are of age. But it is
not a punishable crime (sending children to work
instead of school is a crime). Because of the
socio-economic state of Bangladesh, child
labour is sometimes legal. But the guardian
must ensure the primary education. Everyone
who is learning in any institute or even online
may be called a student in Bangladesh.
Sometimes students taking undergraduate
education are called undergraduates and
students taking post-graduate education may be
called post-graduates.
Education System Of Bangladesh:
Educational Level Grade Age
Primary (elementary
school) 1 to 5 6 to
10
Junior Secondary (middle
school) 6 to 8 11 to
13
Secondary (high school) 9 to 10 14 to
15
Higher Secondary
(college / university)
11 to
12
16 to
17 [2]
Brunei
Education is free in Brunei. Darussalam not
limited to government educational institutions
but also private educational institutions. There
are mainly two types of educational institutions:
government or public, and private institutions.
Several stages have to be undergone by the
prospective students leading to higher
qualifications, such as Bachelor's Degree.
Primary School (Year 1 to 6)
Secondary School (Year 7 to 11)
High School [or also known as the Sixth Form
Centers] (Year 12 to 13)
Colleges (Pre-University to Diploma)
University Level (Undergraduate, Postgraduate
and Professional)
It takes six and five years to complete the
primary and secondary levels respectively. Upon
completing these two crucial stages, students/
pupils have freedom to progress to sixth-form
centers, colleges or probably straight to
employment. Students are permitted to progress
towards university level programs in both
government and private university
colleges. [ citation needed ]
Cambodia
Education in Cambodia is free for all the
students who study in Primary School, Secondary
School or High School.
Primary School (Grade 1 to 6)
Secondary School (Grade 7 to 9)
High School (Grade 10 to 12)
College (Year 1 to 3)
University (Year 1 to 4 or 5)
After basic education, students can opt to take a
bachelor's (undergraduate) degree at a higher
education institution (i.e. a college or university),
which normally lasts for four years though the
length of some courses may be longer or shorter
depending on the institution.
India
Indian schoolgirls and a schoolboy in their
school uniform , along with their teachers, in
Delhi NCR.
In India school is categorized in these stages:
Pre-primary (Nursery, Lower Kindergarten or LKG,
Upper Kindergarten or UKG), Primary (Class 1-5),
Secondary (6-10) and Higher Secondary (11-12).
For undergraduate it is 3 years except
Engineering (BTech or BE) which is of 4 years
degree course, Architecture (B.Arch) which is 5
years degree course and Medical (MBBS) which
is of 4.5 years degree course and 1 year
Internship, so 5.5 years.
Nepal
In Nepal 12-year school is categorized in three
stages: Primary school, Secondary school and
Higher Secondary school. For college it averages
four years for a bachelor's degree (except BVSc
and AH which is five years programme and
MBBS which is a five and half years programme)
and two years master's degree.
Pakistan
In Pakistan, 12-year school is categorized in
three stages: Primary school, Secondary school
and Higher Secondary school. It takes five years
for a student to graduate from Primary school,
five years for Secondary school and five years
for Higher Secondary school (also called
College). Most bachelor's degrees span over
four years, followed by a two years master's
degree. [ citation needed]
Philippines
The Philippines is currently in the midst of a
transition to a K-12 (also called K+12) basic
education system. [3][4][5] Education ideally
begins with one year of kinder. Once the
transition is complete, elementary or grade
school comprises grades 1 to 6. Although the
term student may refer to learners of any age or
level, the term 'pupil' is used by the Department
of Education to refer to learners in the
elementary level, particularly in public schools.
Secondary level or high school comprises two
major divisions: grades 7 to 10 will be
collectively referred to as 'junior high school',
whereas grades 11 to 12 will be collectively
referred to as 'senior high school'. The
Department of Education refers to learners in
grade 7 and above as students.
After basic education, students can opt to take a
bachelor's (undergraduate) degree at a higher
education institution (i.e. a college or university),
which normally lasts for four years though the
length of some courses may be longer or shorter
depending on the institution. [ citation needed]
Iran
In Iran 12-year school is categorized in two
stages: Elementary school and High school. It
takes six years for a student to graduate from
elementary school and six years for high school.
High school study is divided into two part: junior
and senior high school. In senior high school,
student can choose between the following six
fields: Mathematics and physics, Science,
Humanities, Islamic science, Vocational, or Work
and knowledge. After graduating from high
school, students acquire a diploma. Having a
diploma, a student can participate in the Iranian
University Entrance Exam or Konkoor in different
fields of Mathematics, Science, Humanities,
languages, and art. The university entrance exam
is conducted every year by National Organization
of Education Assessment, [6] an organization
under the supervision of the Ministry of Science,
Research and Technology which is in charge of
universities in Iran. [7] Members of the Bahá'í
religion, a much-persecuted minority, are
officially forbidden to attend university, in order
to prevent members of the faith becoming
doctors, lawyers or other professionals; however,
Muslim, Christian, Jewish, and Zoroastrian
people are allowed entry to universities.
Oceania
Australia
Students of Stony Creek State School,
Queensland, 1939
In Australia , Pre-school is optional for three and
four year olds. At age five, children begin
compulsory education at Primary School, known
as Kindergarten in New South Wales, Preparatory
School (prep) in Victoria , and Reception in South
Australia , students then continue to year one
through six (ages 6 to 12). Before 2014, primary
school continued on to year seven in Western
Australia , South Australia and Queensland.
However, the state governments agreed that by
2014, all primary schooling will complete at year
six. Students attend High School in year seven
through twelve (ages 13 – 18). After year twelve,
students may attend tertiary education at
University or vocational training at TAFE
( Technical and Further Education).
New Zealand
In New Zealand , after kindergarten or pre-school,
which is attended from ages three to five,
children begin primary school, 'Year One', at five
years of age. Years One to Six are Primary
School, where children commonly attend local
schools in the area for that specific year group.
Then Year Seven and Year Eight are Intermediate,
and from Year Nine until Year Thirteen, a student
would attend a secondary school or a college.
Europe
Europe uses the traditional, first form, second
form, third form, fourth form, fifth form and six
form grade system which is up to age
eleven. [ citation needed ]
Finland
Students in a lecture on linear algebra at
the Helsinki University of Technology
In Finland a student is called "opiskelija" (plural
being 'opiskelijat'), though children in
compulsory education are called "oppilas" (plural
being 'oppilaat'). First level of education is
"esikoulu" (literally 'preschool'), which used to be
optional, but has been compulsory since the
beginning of year 2015. Children attend esikoulu
the year they turn six, and next year they start
attending "peruskoulu" (literally "basic school",
corresponds to American elementary school,
middle school and junior high), which is
compulsory. Peruskoulu is divided to
"alakoulu" (years 1 through 6) and
"yläkoulu" (years 7 through 9). After compulsory
education most children attend second level
education (toisen asteen koulutus), either lukio
(corresponds to high school) or ammattikoulu
(Vocational School), at which point they are
called students (opiskelija). Some attend
"kymppiluokka", which is a retake on some
yläkoulu's education. [ citation needed ]
To attend ammattikorkeakoulu (University of
applied sciences) or a university a student must
have a second level education. The
recommended graduation time is five years. First
year students are called "fuksi" and students that
have studied more than five years are called
"N:nnen vuoden opiskelija" (Nth year student).
France
The generic term "étudiant" (lit. student) applies
only to someone attending a University or a
school of a similar level, that is to say pupils in
a cursus reserved to people already owning a
Baccalauréat . [ citation needed ] The general term
for a person going to primary or secondary
school is élève. In some French higher education
establishments, a bleu or "bizuth" is a first-year
student. Second-year students are sometimes
called "carrés" (squares). Some other terms may
apply in specific schools, some depending on
the classe préparatoire aux grandes écoles
attended.
Germany
The new graduates of the Europa-Institut
in Germany gather to throw their mortar
boards in the air as part of a graduation
ceremony
In Germany, the German cognate term Student
(male) or "Studentin" (female) is reserved for
those attending a university. University students
in their first year are called Erstsemester or
colloquially Ersties ("firsties"). Different terms for
school students exist, depending on which kind
of school is attended by the student. The
general term for a person going to school is
Schüler or Schülerin . They begin their first four
years in primary school or Volksschule. They
then graduate to a secondary school called
Gymnasium, which is a university preparatory
school. Students attending this school are called
Gymnasiasten , while those attending other
schools are called Hauptschüler or Realschüler.
Students who graduate with the Abitur are called
Abiturienten . The abbreviation stud. + the
abbreviation of the faculty p. e. phil. for
philosophiae is a post-nominal for all students of
a baccalaureus course. The abbreviation cand.
for candidatus + the abbreviation of the faculty is
given as a post-nominal to those close to the
final exams. First name surname, stud. phil. or
First name surname, cand. jur. [ citation needed ]
Ireland
In Ireland, pupils officially start with primary
school which consists of eight years: junior
infants, senior infants, first class to sixth class
(ages 5–11). After primary school, pupils
proceed to the secondary school level. Here they
first enter the junior cycle, which consists of first
year to third year (ages 11–14). At the end of
third year, all students must sit a compulsory
state examination called the Junior Certificate.
After third year, pupils have the option of taking
a "transition year" or fourth year (usually at age
15-16). In transition year pupils take a break
from regular studies to pursue other activities
that help to promote their personal, social,
vocational and educational development, and to
prepares them for their role as autonomous,
participative and responsible members of
society. It also provides a bridge to enable
pupils to make the transition from the more
dependent type of learning associated with the
Junior Cert. to the more independent learning
environment associated with the senior
cycle. [ citation needed ]
After the junior cycle pupils advance to the
senior cycle, which consists of fifth year and
sixth year (usually ages between 16 and 18). At
the end of the sixth year a final state
examination is required to be sat by all pupils,
known as the Leaving Certificate . The Leaving
Cert. is the basis for all Irish pupils who wish to
do so to advance to higher education via a
points system. A maximum of 625 points can
be achieved. All higher education courses have a
minimum of points needed for
admission. [ citation needed ]
At Trinity College, Dublin under-graduate
students are formally called "junior freshmen",
"senior freshmen", "junior sophister" or "senior
sophister", according to the year they have
reached in the typical four year degree course.
Sophister is another term for a sophomore,
though the term is rarely used in other
institutions and is largely limited to Trinity
College Dublin.
At university, the term "fresher" is used to
describe new students who are just beginning
their first year. The term, "first year" is the more
commonly used and connotation-free term for
students in their first year. The week at the start
of a new year is called "Freshers' Week " or
"Welcome Week", with a programme of special
events to welcome new students. An
undergraduate in the last year of study before
graduation is generally known as a "finalist."
Italy
Admission of a student in "Germanic
Nation", University of Bologna , 15th
century
In Italian, a matricola is a first-year student.
Some other terms may apply in specific schools,
some depending on the liceo classico or liceo
scientifico attended.
According to the goliardic initiation traditions the
grades granted (following approximately the year
of enrollment at university) are: matricola
(freshman), fagiolo (sophomore), colonna
(junior), and anziano (senior), but most of the
distinctions are rarely used outside Goliardia.
Sweden
In Sweden, only those studying at university level
are called students ( student, plural studenter). To
graduate from upper secondary school
( gymnasium) is called ta studenten (literally "to
take the student"), but after the graduation
festivities, the graduate is no longer a student
unless he or she enrolls at university-level
education. At lower levels, the word elev (plural
elever ) is used. As a general term for all stages
of education, the word studerande (plural also
studerande ) is used, meaning 'studying [person]'.
United Kingdom
Traditionally, the term "student" is reserved for
people studying at university level in the United
Kingdom .
At universities in the UK, the term "fresher" is
used informally to describe new students who
are just beginning their first year. Although it is
not unusual to call someone a fresher after their
first few weeks at university, they are typically
referred to as "first years" or "first year students".
The ancient Scottish University of St Andrews
uses the terms "bejant" for a first year (from the
French " bec-jaune " – "yellow beak", "fledgling").
Second years are called "semi-bejants", third
years are known as "tertians", and fourth years,
or others in their final year of study, are called
"magistrands".
In England and Wales , primary school begins
with an optional "nursery" year followed by
reception and then move on to "year one, year
two" and so on until "year six". In state schools,
children join secondary school when they are
11–12 years old in what used to be called "first
form" and is now known as "year 7". They go up
to year 11 (formerly "fifth form") and then join
the sixth form, either at the same school or at a
separate sixth form college. A pupil entering a
private, fee-paying school (usually at age 13)
would join the "third form" — equivalent to year
9. Many schools have an alternate name for first
years, some with a derogatory basis, but in
others acting merely as a description — for
example "shells" (non-derogatory) or
"grubs" (derogatory).
In Northern Ireland and Scotland, it is very
similar but with some differences. Pupils start
off in nursery or reception aged 3 to 4, and then
start primary school in "P1" (P standing for
primary) or year 1. They then continue primary
school until "P7" or year 7. After that they start
secondary school at 11 years old, this is called
"1st year" or year 8 in Northern Ireland, or "S1" in
Scotland. They continue secondary school until
the age of 16 at "5th year", year 12 or "S5", and
then it is the choice of the individual pupil to
decide to continue in school and (in Northern
Ireland) do AS levels (known as "lower sixth")
and then the next year to do A levels (known as
"upper sixth"). In Scotland, students aged 16–18
take Highers, followed by Advanced Highers.
Alternatively, pupils can leave and go into full-
time employment or to start in a technical
college.
Large increases in the size of student
populations in the UK and the effect this has had
on some university towns or on areas of cities
located near universities have become a concern
in the UK since 2000. A report by Universities
UK, " Studentification: A Guide to Opportunities,
Challenges and Practice " (2006) has explored the
subject and made various recommendations. [8]
A particular problem in many locations is seen
as the impact of students on the availability,
quality and price of rented and owner-occupied
property.
Americas
Canada
Further information: Education in Canada
Students of the Cégep de St-Hyacinthe in
Quebec working in a computer lab
Education in Canada is within the constitutional
jurisdiction of the provinces , and the overall
curriculum is overseen by the provincial
governments. As there is no overall national
coordinating authority, the way the educational
stages are grouped and named differs from
region to region. Education is generally divided
into primary education, followed by secondary
education, and post-secondary education.
Primary and secondary education are generally
divided into numbered grades from 1 to 12,
although the first grade may be preceded by
kindergarten (optional in many provinces).
Ontario and Quebec offer a pre-kindergarten ,
called a "junior kindergarten" in Ontario, and a
"garderie" in Quebec.
Education in Ontario once involved an Ontario
Academic Credit (OAC) as university preparation,
but that was phased out in 2007, and now all
provinces except Quebec have 12 grades. The
OAC was informally known as "grade 13" and the
name was also used to refer to the students who
took it.
Education in Quebec differs from the other
provinces in that it has an école primaire
(literally "primary school") consisting of grades
1-6, and an école secondaire (literally "secondary
school") consisting of secondaries I-V.
Secondaries I-V are equivalent to grades 7-11. A
student graduating from high school (grade 11)
can then either complete a three-year college
program or attend a two-year pre-university
program required before attending university. In
some English High Schools, as well as in most
French schools, high school students will refer to
secondary 1-5 as year one through five. So if
someone in Secondary three is asked "what
grade/year are you in?" they will reply "three" or
"sec 3". It is presumed that the person asking
the question knows that they are not referring to
"Grade 3" but rather "Secondary 3". This can be
confusing for those outside of Quebec.
In some provinces, grades 1 through 6 are called
"elementary school", grades 6 to 8 are called
"middle school" or "junior high school", and
grades 9 to 12 are considered high school.
Other provinces, such as British Columbia,
mainly divide schooling into elementary school
(Kindergarten to grade 7) and secondary school
(grades 8 through 12). In Alberta and Nova
Scotia, elementary consists of kindergarten
through grade 6. Junior high consists of Grades
7-9. High school consists of Grades 10-12. In
English provinces, the high school (known as
academy or secondary school) years can be
referred to simply as first, second, third and
fourth year. Some areas call it by grade such as
grade 10, grade 11 and grade 12.
The difference between college and university is
significantly different from in the United States or
even the United Kingdom. A Canadian college is
more similar to an American community college
but also the British, French and other European
and British Commonwealth such as Australian
and New Zealand etc., on the other hand. In
contrast, a Canadian university is also quite
comparable to an American university as well as
many other universities among the English-
speaking world and Francosphere. In Canada,
colleges are generally geared for individuals
seeking applied careers, while universities are
geared for individuals seeking more academic
careers.
University students are generally classified as
first, second, third or fourth-year students, and
the American system of classifying them as
"freshmen", "sophomores", "juniors" and "seniors"
is seldom used or even understood in Canada. In
some occasions, they can be called "senior
ones", "twos", "threes" and "fours".
United States
In the United States, the first official year of
schooling is called kindergarten, which is why
the students are called kindergarteners.
Kindergarten is optional in most states, but few
students skip this level. Pre-kindergarten, also
known as "preschool " (and sometimes shortened
to "Pre-K") is becoming a standard of education
as academic expectations for the youngest
students continue to rise. Many public schools
offer pre-kindergarten programs.
Students of USA's Tulane University : at its
bookstore [ top photo], in a class photo (with
their lady teacher sitting on extreme right)
[ middle photo], and entering the class [ bottom
photo]
In the United States there are 12 years of
mandatory schooling. The first eight are solely
referred to by numbers (e.g. 1st grade, 5th
grade) so students may be referred to as 1st
graders, 5th graders, then once in middle school
before high school you are ratio referred to as
6th, 7th, 8th graders. Upon entering high school,
grades 9 through 12 (high school ) also have
alternate names for students, namely freshman,
sophomore, junior and senior. The actual
divisions of which grade levels belong to which
division (whether elementary, middle, junior high
or high school) is a matter decided by state or
local jurisdictions.
Accordingly, college students are often called
Freshmen, Sophomores, Juniors and Seniors
(respectively), unless their undergraduate
program calls for more than the traditional 4
years.
First year
The first year of college or high school is
referred to as Freshman year. A freshman (slang
alternatives that are usually derogatory in nature
include "fish", "new-g", "fresher", "frosh",
"newbie", "freshie", "snotter", "fresh-meat",
"skippie", etc.) is a first-year student in college,
university or high school.
Second year
In the U.S., a sophomore, also called a "soph,"
is a second-year student. Outside the United
States, the term Sophomore is rarely used, with
second-year students simply called "second
years". Folk etymology indicates that the word
means " wise fool "; consequently "sophomoric"
means "pretentious, bombastic, inflated in style
or manner; immature, crude,
superficial" (according to the Oxford English
Dictionary ). It is widely assumed to be formed
from Greek "sophos", meaning "wise", and
" moros" meaning "foolish", although the
etymology suggests an origin from the now-
defunct "sophumer", an obsolete variant of
" sophism ". [9]
Post-second year
Students from the
Massachusetts Institute of
Technology
In the U.S., a Junior is a student in the
penultimate (usually third) year and a Senior is a
student in the last (usually fourth) year of
college , university, or high school . A student who
takes more than the normal number of years to
graduate is sometimes referred to as a " super
senior ". [10] This term is often used in college,
but can be used in high school as well. The
term underclassman is used to refer collectively
to Freshmen and Sophomores, and
Upperclassman to refer collectively to Juniors
and Seniors, sometimes even Sophomores. The
term Middler is used to describe a third-year
student of a school (generally college) that
offers five years of study. In this situation, the
fourth and fifth years would be referred to as
Junior and Senior years, respectively, and the
first two years would be the Freshman and
Sophomore years.
Graduate Students
A graduate student is a student who continues
his/her education after graduation. Some
examples of graduate programs are: business
school , law school, medical school, and
veterinary school . Degrees earned in graduate
programs include the Master’s degree , a
research doctoral degree, or a first professional
degree .
Vocational School
Students attending vocational school focus on
their jobs and learning how to work in specific
fields of work. A vocational program typically
takes much less time to complete than a four-
year degree program, lasting 12–24 months. [11]
Liberal Arts that are required in four-year
Universities are less important to these students
because the skills necessary for their careers
take precedence in order for a timely completion
of the program.
Student politics
Main article: Student politics
Students have their own current of politics and
activism on and off campus. The student rights
movement has centered itself on the
empowerment of students similar to the labor
movement.
Mature students
Main article: Adult learner
A mature, non-traditional, or adult student in
tertiary education (at a university or a college) is
normally classified as an (undergraduate)
student who is at least 21–23 years old at the
start of their course and usually having been out
of the education system for at least two years.
Mature students can also include students who
have been out of the education system for
decades, or students with no secondary
education. Mature students also make up
graduate and postgraduate populations by
demographic of age.
Student pranks
Main article: Student prank
University students have been associated with
pranks and japes since the creation of
universities in the Middle Ages. [12][13][14][15]
[16] These can often involve petty crime, such as
the theft of traffic cones and other public
property, [17] or hoaxes. It is also not uncommon
for students from one school to steal or deface
the mascot of a rival school. [18] In fact, pranks
play such a significant part in student culture that
numerous books have been published that focus
on the issue. [19][20]
Other terms
Students who are repeating a grade level of
schooling due to poor grades are sometimes
referred to as having been "held back" or
"kept back". In Singapore they are described
as "retained". In the Philippines they are
called "repeater".
The term 'pupil' (originally a Latin term for a
minor as the ward of an adult guardian, etc.)
is used in some Commonwealth primary and
secondary schools (particularly in England
and Wales) instead of "student", but once
attending further education (at a sixth-form
college) or higher education (at university for
example), the term "student" is standard. The
term pupil is also used in the Philippines by
the Department of Education to refer to
learners currently in elementary school; the
term student is used for by the Department of
Education for learners in high school.
The United States military academies officially
use only numerical terms, but there are
colloquial expressions used in everyday
speech. In order from first year to fourth year,
students are referred to as "fourth-class",
"third-class", "second-class", and "first-class"
cadets or midshipmen. Unofficially, other
terms are used, for example at the United
States Military Academy, freshmen are called
"plebes", sophomores are called "yearlings" or
"yuks", juniors are called "cows", and seniors
are called "firsties". Some universities also
use numerical terms to identify classes;
students enter as "first-years" and graduate as
"fourth-years" (or, in some cases, "fifth-years",
"sixth-years", etc.).
Idiomatic use
" Freshman" and "sophomore " are sometimes
used figuratively , almost exclusively in the United
States, to refer to a first or second effort ("the
singer's sophomore album "), or to a politician's
first or second term in office ("freshman
senator") or an athlete 's first or second year on a
professional sports team. "Junior" and "senior"
are not used in this figurative way to refer to
third and fourth years or efforts, because of
those words' broader meanings of "younger" and
" older." A junior senator is therefore not one who
is in a third term of office, but merely one who
has not been in the Senate as long as the other
senator from their state . Confusingly, this means
that it is possible to be both a "freshman
Senator" and a "senior Senator" simultaneously:
for example, if a Senator wins election in 2008,
and then the other Senator from the same state
steps down and a new Senator elected in 2010,
the former Senator is both senior Senator (as in
the Senate for two years more) and a freshman
Senator (since still in the first term).
International Students'
Day
International Students' Day (17 November)
remembers the anniversary of the 1939 Nazi
storming of the University of Prague after student
demonstrations against the German occupation
of Czechoslovakia . Germans closed all Czech
universities and colleges, sent over 1200
students to Nazi concentration camps, and had
nine student leaders executed (on November
17). [21]
See also
student
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Dormitory
Freshman 15
International student
Learning
School bullying
Bullying in academia
Bullying in teaching
School uniform
Student activism
Student club
Student orientation
Student resources
School counselor
Student financial aid in the United
States
Study skills
Tutor
Studentification
Teacher
University student retention
Youth
References
1. ^ Moe.gov.sg
2. ^ "Bangladesh Education System" .
3. ^ K to 12 Toolkit Accessed 21 October
2016
4. ^ K to 12 Curriculum Guides Accessed
21 October 2016
5. ^ Republic Act 10533 Accessed 21
October 2016
6. ^ Sanjesh.org
7. ^ " ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺕ ﻋﻠﻮﻡ، ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎﺕ ﻭ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﯼ - ﺻﻔﺤﺎﺕ -
ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﺍﺻﻠﯽ " .
8. ^ Studentification: A Guide to
Opportunities, Challenges and Practice
9. ^ "Online Etymology Dictionary" .
Etymonline.com. Retrieved 8 December
2012.
10. ^ Definition of a super senior retrieved 5
October 2006.
11. ^ "Minnesota Vocational Schools, Trade
Schools, Technical Schools - RWM.org" .
12. ^ "Seeley G. Mudd Manuscript Library:
FAQ Student pranks" . Princeton.edu. 24
April 2012. Archived from the original
on 2 December 2012. Retrieved 8
December 2012.
13. ^ "Blog Archive » Student Pranks" .
Kiwiblog. 21 October 2006. Retrieved 8
December 2012.
14. ^ Watts, Jonathan, "Student prank that
gave the Chinese a fit of the willies" ,
The Guardian , London, 1 November 2003.
15. ^ "Student Pranks! Attention!" .
Essaymama. 3 September 2014.
16. ^ Ayala, Jamie, "Sticky student prank
injures teacher" Archived 2007-09-27
at the Wayback Machine, FOX11AZ.com ,
Tucson, Arizona, 14 June 2007.
17. ^ "Nightmare on student street" .
18. ^ Miller, Eli, "Oski and Tree Have Rowdy,
Long History" , The Daily Californian , 22
November 2002. Archived September
20, 2004, at the Wayback Machine
19. ^ Peterson, T.F., Nightwork: A History of
Hacks and Pranks at MIT, 2003.
20. ^ Steinberg, Neil, If at All Possible, Involve
a Cow: The Book
21. ^ "The 17th of November: Remembering
Jan Opletal, martyr of an occupied
nation ". Radio Prague.
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